概要信息：

Email lijiqiu@xmu.edu.cn
&
10%
   
   1/3
20% 6
10%
30%
30%


1 …………………………1
1 10
…………………………………2
……………………………2
…………………………………………3
………………………………3
2 7
………………………………………2
……………………………………2
…………………………1
………………………………2



1. organization
2. (metabolism)
3. homeostasis (irritability)
4. (growth) (development)
5. (reproduction) heredity
6. (evolution) adaptation
organization

2. (metabolism)
    
   
(2) 
2. (metabolism)
(assimilation) 
(dissimilation)
                    
3. homeostasis (irritability)
4. (growth) (development)
4. (growth) (development)
4. (growth) (development)
5. reproduction (hereditary)
DNA RNA
6. (evolution) adaptation
6. (evolution) adaptation
Population
Gene pool
6. (evolution) adaptation
6. (evolution) adaptation
DNA RNA
       


DNA RNA


     
     (gene pool)
     



1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
Carl von Linne, 1707-1778
(Scientific name)
Penaeus orientails
Penaeus monodon P. monodon 
P. japonicus Bate
Eriocheirsinensis Edwards 
Scylla serrata Forskål, 1835
category
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
domain
➢C. Linnaeus (1707-1778): 
(1735) —— (Plantae) (Animalia);
➢E. Haeckel (1834-1919): 
(1886) —— (Monera) (Plantae) (Animalia)
➢H. Copeland (1902-1968): 
(1956) —— (Prokaryotes) (Eukaryotic protists) (Plantae) (Animalia)
➢R. Whittaker (1920-1980): 
(1969) —— (Monera) (Protista) (Fungi) (Plantae)
(Animalia)
➢ (1905-1988): 
(1979)—— ( ) ( ) ( )
➢C. Woese (1928-2012): 
(1977) —— (Bacteria) (Archaea) (Eukarya);

 17
· (1632-1723): 
1665 ·
1758
1838~1839
1859
17~19
1865
1926
1928
1944 DNA
. 19 -20
19 
1. S 
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.

1957
1961
1965
1966
1973
1975
1977
9L =50
 1953 --
1981
60-70-80
(International Biological Program)”
(Man and the Biosphere Programme)”
(International Geosphere-Biosphere 
Programme)”
1986 R. Dulbecco
30
1990 1
(Human Genome Project, HGP)
1997 The Roslin Institute Ian 
WIImut Dolly”
2001 30