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01 
In November of 1892, President Theodore Roosevelt was on a hunting trip in Mississippi. His hunt was 
going _]_that day, and he couldn't seem to find anything worthy of _2_his rifle. 1l1en his staff captured a 
black baby bear for the President to shoot, but he could not. 1l1e thought of shooting a bear that was tied to a tree 
did not seem sporting, so he _..1_ the life of the baby bear and set it free. 
Based on this story, a famous political cartoonist for the Washington Star drew a cartoon, which showed 
Teddy Roosevelt, rifle __1_, with his back turned on a cute baby bear. Morris Michtom, owner of a Brooklyn toy 
store, was _5_by the cartoon to make a stuffed baby bear. Intending it only as a display, he placed the stuffed 
bear in his toy store _6_, and next to it placed a copy of the cartoon from the newspaper. To Michtom's surprise, 
his store was flooded by customers_? __ to buy. He asked for and received President Roosevelt's _8_ to use 
his name for the hand-sewn bears that he and his wife made, and the Teddy Bear was born ! Michtom was soon 
manufacturing Teddy bears _2_ the thousands. The money from the sale enabled him, in 1903, to _lQ_ the 
Ideal Toy company. 
I. A. hastily B. poorly C. punctually D. steadily 
2. A. supporting B. opening C. shouldering D. firing 
3. A. spared B. protected C. saved D. checked 
4. A. in his hand B. in the hand C. in hands D. in hand 
5. A. encouraged B. inspired C. urged D. pictured 
6. A. window B. door C. table D. counter 
7. A. eager B. reluctant c. interested D. straight 
8. A. order B. permission C. argument D. file 
9. A. at B. of C. by D. for 
lO.A. sell B. change C. form D. invest 
02 
Recmiting the right candidate to till a vacancy can be a difficult and costly task. _l_the wrong person 
could be an expensive mistake which could cause personnel problems for the whole department. And, as every 
HR manager knows, it is much more difficult to get rid of someone than it is to _2_ them. 
1 v 
2 
v 
The HR manager' s first decision is _]_to recruit internal applicants or advertise the vacancy outside the 
company. _4__ applicants are easy to recruit by memo, e-mail, or newsletter. Furthermore, they are easy to 
assess and know the company well. _2_, they rarely bring fi·esh ideas to a position. Moreover, a rejected 
internal candidate might become unhappy and leave the company. 
Recruiting outside the company means either advertising the vacancy directly or ... f.i ________ an employment 
agency. If the company decides to advettise the vacancy directly, it has to decide where to place the _ _]_ __ . 
Traditionally this has meant newspapers and professional journals but now the Intemet is also very popular. The 
decision nonnally depends on the vacancy. Companies advertise blue-collar or clerical jobs in local newspapers 
and management _8_in national papers or professional journals. _9_the Internet is one of the best ways of 
advertising IT vacancies or recruiting abroad. However. with the Internet there is risk _j_Q_ receiving unsuitable 
applications from all over the world. 
I. A. Finding B. Appointing C. Placing D. Searching 
2. A. fire B. apply C. employ D. dismiss 
3. A. where B. if C. which D. whether 
4. A. Internal B. External C. Additional D. Terminal 
5. A. Besides B. Whereas C. While D. However 
6. A. use B. to use C. used D. using 
7. A. advertisement B. job C. agency D. company 
8. A. places B. positions C. rooms D. seats 
9. A. while B. as C. when D. once 
lO.A. at B. in C. over D. of 
03 
Double Income and No Kids (DINK) becomes fashionable in China. The DINK couples are usually 
regarded as those who have higher educations and _1 _careers with higher incomes. The increase in DINK 
families has shattered the Chinese traditional idea of the family and _2 __ typical. 
A survey conducted recently in Beijing by a market survey company _]_ that about 3.3 percent of I ,300 
surveyed families in Beijing said they have _4_ plans to have children. It is estimated there are about 600,000 
DlNK families in large cities like Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing. 
Why they choose such a lifestyle is concluded in _5_reasons. Some are showing great wony for the rapid 
growth of population; some are indulged in building a more well-off family; some are showing sharp _6_· _to get 
themselves free from the obligation of raising children. _7_, most people still believe it is necessary to bear a 
child to keep the family line on. 
As an old Chinese saying goes, there are three aspects in failing to be a filial son and the _8 __ serious 
one is to have no heir for the family. So childless couples will suffer discrimination _9 __ family members and 
neighbors. 
But it is clear that the new tide of ideas has come, which suggests young people _lQ_to choose their own 
way of life. l11ey are installing modem ideas into traditional families and society. In the modernization process, 
personal choices will be highly respected. 
1. A. stable B. available C. achievable D. liable 
2. A. had become B. may become C. became D. becomes 
3. A. directed B. induced C. indicated D. dictated 
4. A. no B. not C. hardly D. scarcely 
5. A. elegant B. abundant C. similar D. various 
6. A. tension B. attention C. intention D. interaction 
., 
A. Moreover B. However C. Accordingly D. Generally I. 
8. A. most B. more C. latest D. less 
9. A. into B. to C. at D. from 
I 0. A. wanted B. should want C. want D. had wanted 
04 
The hobby of collecting autographs is called philography, from a Greek word meaning love of writing. 
People _!_many kinds of autographs. Some collect signatures or other handwritten materials of authors, 
composers, movie stars, or sports heroes. Others focus on certain _L such as the signing of the Declaration 
of Independence, a presidential election, or the space program. 3 collectors try to acquire a complete set 
of autographs of Nobel Prize winners or Academy Award winners. 
Collectors may request autographs _4_celebrities either in person or by letter. Most beginning autograph 
collectors do not have the knowledge to determine _5_ an autograph is genuine. They may mistake other kinds 
of signatures for _6_ handwritten signatures. For example, some people have secretaries who sign their mail. 
Some individuals send out mass-produced letters or signed photographs to collectors who _]__ their autographs. 
Many famous people use a mechanical device called an Autopen to sign autographs. The _8_ can sign 3,000 
signatures in eight hours. The only way to recognize an Autopen autograph is to compare two of them. All 
Autopen autographs are _9_, but no two handwritten autographs are _lQ__alike. 
1. A. neglect B. arrange C. read D. collect 
2. A. stories B. events C. actions D. plans 
3. A. Some B. Any C.No D. Several 
4.A.from B. in C. for D. to 
5. A. what B. how C. whether D. where 
6. A. false B. indirect C. open D. genuine 
7. A. copy B. request C. write D. mail 
8. A. actor B. machine C. collector D. secretary 
9. A. genuine B. false C. different D. identical 
1 O.A. fluently B. initially C. exactly D. Conveniently 
c.=.) 5.1Ht~~jg 
01 
The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world's great writers. 
3 
" 
Before considering this question, _!_will be useful to introduce some _2_concepts. Conflict, _3_ as 
opposition among social units--groups or individuals-- directed against one another, is _±__ from competition, 
_5 _means opposition among social units _Q_ seeking to obtain something, which is _L inadequate supply. 
Competitors may not know about one another, while those who _8_ in a conflict do. Conflict and competition 
are both _9_ of opposition. The meaning of opposition has been stated as a process by which social units 
function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is _lQ_ contrasted to cooperation, _ll_by which social 
units function in the service of one another. These __12_ are necessary because it is important to emphasize that 
competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited _13_, but conflict is not. Conflict, 
nevet1heless, is very _11_ to occur, and is a desirable element of human societies. 
Many authors have based their arguments that war cannot be avoided on the idea _15_in the struggle for 
existence among groups of animals, only those which are best adapted remain l_Q__. In general, however, this 
struggle _l1_ is competition, not conflict. Those who fail in this competition _IS_starve to death or are killed 
by other types of animals. This struggle for existence is not _19_ human war, but is __2_Q_ the competition of 
individuals for jobs, markets and materials. The most important quality of this struggle is the competition for the 
necessities of life that are not enough to satisfy all. 
I. A. it B. that C. what D.this 
2. A.related B.relating C. relative D.relation 
3. A.specified B.remarked C.defmed D.claimed 
4. A. variable B.distinguished C. various D.isolated 
5. A.it B.this C.that D.which 
6.A.critically B.approximately C. independently D.costly 
7.A.on B. for C.with D.in 
8.A.enter B.participate C.fall D.involve 
9.A.formations B.classes C.terms D.reactions 
1 O.A.nevertherless B.however C.thus D.maybe 
ll.A.procession B. standard C.process D.measurement 
l2.A.accounts B. definitions C.descriptions D.explanations 
13 .A.resources B.origins C.sources D.materials 
l4.A.likely B.probably C.necessarily D.possibly 
l5.A.which B.while C.when D.that 
16.A.lived B.living C. alive D.life 
17 .A.on the contrary B.at length C.in particular D.in nature 
18.A.not only B. either C.neither D.both 
19 .A.similar to B.same as C.resembled D.unlike 
20.A.equal B.alike C.like D.unlike 
02 
Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory, right? Dana Denis is just 40 years old, but_j 
she's worried about what she calls "my rolling mental blackouts." "I try to remember something and I just blank out, " she 
says. 
You may _.£__about these lapses, calling them "senior moments" or blaming early Alzheimer's ( ~~ml*nl:) . Is it 
an inescapable fact that the older you get, the_3_ you remember? Well, sort of. But as time goes by, we tend to blame 
age---.1_ problems that are not necessarily age-related. 
"When a teenager can't find her keys, she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized'', says Paul Gold. "A 
70-year-old blames her_5_." In fact, the 70-year-old may have been _6_things for decades. 
In healthy people, memoJY doesn't worsen as_7_as many of us think. "As we_8_, the memoJY mechanism 
isn't _2_," says psychologist Fergus Craik. "It's just inefficient." 
The brain's processing _I_O_slows down over the years, though no one knows exactly__ll__. Recent research 
suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and _1Ltl1ere's less activity in the brain. But, cautions Bacy Gordon, "It's not 
clear that less activity is 13 . A beginning athlete is winded ( ~ ~iiU 1lf 1lf ) more easily than a___lLathlete. In the same 
way, _lUhe brain gets more skilled at a task, it expends less energy on it." 
There are _lQ__you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memoJY gears, tl10ugh it _ 17 _ effort. 
Margaret Sewell says: "We're a quick-fix culture, but you have to__lLto keep your brain. _l_9_shape. It's like having a 
good body. You can't go to the gym once a year _2Q_ expect to stay in top form." 
1. A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never 
2. A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize 
3. A. much B.little C. more D. less 
4. A. since B. for C. by D. because 
5. A.memoJY B. mind C. trouble D. health 
6. A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D.fmding 
7. A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly 
8. A. mature B. advance C. age D. grow 
9. A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working 
10. A. pattern B. time C. space D. information 
11. A. why B. how C. what D. when 
12. A. since B. hence C. tllat D. although 
13. A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse 
14. A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained 
15. A. as B. till C. though D. yet 
16. A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes 
17. A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends 
18. A. rest B. come C. work D. study 
19. A. to B. for C. on D. in 
20. A. so B. or C. and D.If 
03 
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the 
individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories _1_ on the individual suggest that children engage 
in criminal behavior_ 2 _ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have leamed criminal 
behavior through _3 _with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in_ 4_ 
to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, _5 _as a rejection of middle-class values. 
Most tlleories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, _ 6 _ the fact that 
children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes _7 _lack of adequate parental control. 
All theories, however, are tentative and are_ 8 _to criticism. 
Changes in the social structure may indirectly _9 _juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 
_10 _ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment _11_ make gainful employment increasingly 
5 
~ 
difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in _12 _lead more youths into criminal behavior. 
Families have also _13_ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working 
parents; _14__, children are likely to have less supervision at home _15_ was common in the traditional family _16_. 
This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other _17 _ causes of offensive 
acts include fmstration or failure in school, the increased _18 _ of dmgs and alcohol, and the growing _19 _ of child 
abuse and child neglect. A II these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, _ 20 _a 
direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 
1. [A] acting [B] relying [ C] centering [D] cementing 
2. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because 
3. [A] interactions [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation 
4.[A]retum [B] reply [C] reference [D] response 
5. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else 
6. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding 
7. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with 
8. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject 
9. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] check [D) reflect 
10. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D) amount 
II. [A] in general [B] on average [ C] by contrast [D] at length 
12. [A] case [B] short [C) tum [D] essence 
13. [A] survived [B) noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced 
14. (A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously 
15. [A] than [B] that [C) which [D] as 
16. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage 
17. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible 
18. [A] expense [ B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability 
19. [A] incidence [B] awareness [ C] exposure [D] popularity 
20. [A] provided [B] since [ C] although [D] supposing 
04 
Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 
should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, _2_, most people make several job 
choices during their working lives, _3_because of economic and industrial changes and pmtly to improve _.:!:__ position. 
The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should_5_ enter into a broad flexible training program that will.....§.._ 
them for a field of work rather than for a single l 
Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans _8_ benefit of help from a competent vocational 
counselor or psychologist. Knowing _9_ about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their 
lifework on a hit-or-miss __lQ_ . Some drift from job to job. Others _II_ to work in which they are unhappy and for 
which they are not fitted. 
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for _12 __ real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school 
students--or their parents for them--choose the professional field, 13 both the relatively small proportion of workers in 
the professions and the extremely high educational and personal___l:L_ . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a 
"White-collar" job is _12_ good reason for choosing it as lite's work. ..J.L, these occupations are not always well paid. 
Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the _lL of young people should give serious __l1l 
to these fields. 
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants_1_9_ life and how 
hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; 
others are willing to take _lQ_ for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards. 
1. A. identification B. entertainment C. accommodation D. occupation 
2. A. however B. therefore C. though D. thereby 
3. A. entirely B. mainly C. partly D. his 
4.A. its B. his C. our D. their 
5.A. since B. therefore C. furthermore D. forever 
6.A.make B. fit C. take D. leave 
7.A.job B. way C. means D. company 
8.A. to B. for C. without D. with 
9. A. little B. few C. much D. a lot 
10. A. chance B. basis C. purpose D. opportunity 
ll.A. apply B. appeal C. stick D. turn 
12.A. our B. it<; C. your D. their 
13.A. concerning B. following C. considering D. disregarding 
14. A. preference B. requirements C. tendencies D. ambitions 
15.A.a B. any C. no D. the 
16. A. Therefore B. However C. Nevertheless D. Moreover 
17. A. majority B. mass C. minority D. multitude 
18. A. proposal B. suggestion C. consideration D. appraisal 
l9.A. towards B. against C. out of D. without 
20.A. turns B. parts C. choices D. Risks 
7 
8 
v 
05 
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population. __ I_ homelessness has reached 
such proportions that local governments can't possibly_2_. To help homeless people .1__ independence, the 
federal government must support job training programs,_4 __ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost 
housing. 
_5_ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __Q_ anywhere from 
600,000 to 3 million. _7_the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the 
homeless is _8_ . One of the federal government's studies _9_ that the number of the homeless will reach 
nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. 
Finding ways to __lQ_ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. _11_ when 
homeless individuals manage to find a _11__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a 
good number still spend the bulk of each day _j]_ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults 
are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many 
others, _14__ not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday _li_ skills needed to turn their lives _lQ_ . 
Boston Globe reporter Chris Reedy notes that the situation will improve only when there are _ll_ programs that 
address the many needs of the homeless._l_8_ Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley 
College in Massachusetts, _.12_ it. "There has to be _lQ_ of programs. What we need is a package deal." 
l.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C) Therefore [D]Furthermore 
2.[A]stand [B]cope [C) approve [D]retain 
3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward 
4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep 
5. [A ]Generally [B]Almost [C) Hardly [D]Not 
6.[A]cover [B]change [C) range [D]differ 
7.[A]Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that 
8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C) increasing [D]extending 
9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C) proves [D]discovers 
1 O.[A ]assist [B]track [C) sustain [D]dismiss 
ll.[A)Hence [B) But [C] Even [D] Only 
12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house 
13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C) crowding [D]wandering 
14.[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas 
15.[A]Iife [B]existence [C) survival [D]maintenance 
16.[A]around [B]over [C) on [D]up 
17.[A]complex [B) comprehensive [C) complementary [D]compensating 
18.[A]So [B] Since [C]As [D] Thus 
19.[A]puts [B]interprets 
20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation 
[C]assumes 
[C]regulation 
[D]makes 
[D]coordination 
~--,. ____ _ 
1. What does the phrase "white stuff' in the first paragraph refer to? 
A. wood B. snow C. ice D. rock 
At the International Snow Sculpture Championships in Colorado on January 27, people will carve the white 
stuff into art. Planning begins months before the first snow falls. Teams submit applications and sketches of their 
sculptures in July. Then, a panel of judges choose 14 teams for the championship. 
2. The word "attractions" (line 1, para.2) refers to_. 
A. theme parks B. bargains C. e-tickets D. discounts 
Theme-park-bound bargain seekers would be wise to spend some time surfing online before they get in line 
at the parks this summer. 
A growing number of these attractions now allow customers to print e-tickets at home with large discounts 
off the gate price, in part to spur attendance that has declined in recent years. 
3. The word "accent" (line 1, para.2) most probably means __ . 
A. dialect B. emphasis C. attention D. recognition 
One thing almost everyone is agreed on, including Americans, is that they place a very high valuation upon 
success. Success does not necessarily mean material rewards, but recognition of some sort-preferably 
measurable. If a boy turns out to be a preacher instead of a businessman, that's all right. But the bigger his church 
is, the more successful he is judged to be. 
A good many things contributed to this accent on success. There was the Puritan belief in the virtue of work, 
both for its own sake and because the rewards it brought were regarded as signs of God's love. There was the 
richness of opportunity in a land waiting to be settled. There was the lack of a settled society with fixed ranks 
and classes, so that a man was certain to rise through achievement. 
4. The word "installment" in the passage probably means ___ _ 
A. a library email B. a rare piece ofliterature 
C. a free novel D. a part of a book 
Chapter-A-Day started in 1999 when Suzanne Beecher, a lifelong book lover, realized how many of the 
women who worked part-time for her software development company didn't have time in their busy lives to read. 
She decided to type part of a chapter of a book, and send it to her employees through email. The next day she 
typed a little more, and continued to send literary installments each day. She says she started getting feedback 
from the staff about how reading made them feel. "They were interested, and realized that, though they didn't 
have time in their busy lives for reading, just reading that little bit each day got them back in the habit." 
9 
10 
y 
Realizing that many other people could benefit, she decided to take the idea even further and start an email 
"chapter-a-day" book club to help others ease their way back into daily reading. "Reading makes changes in 
people's lives," Beecher says. 
5. What does "both those responses to tears"(Line 6, Para, 1) refer to? 
A) Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness. 
B) The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers. 
C) The tear shedder's apology and the observer's effort to stop the crying. 
D) Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears. 
Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make 
Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a 
devastating tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to 
the emotional outpouring. But judging form recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying 
and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be 
counterproductive. 
6. "Counterproductive" (Lines 6-7, Para. I) very probably means ___ . 
A) having no effect at all B) leading to tension 
C) producing disastrous impact D) harmful to health 
7. The word "cheap" (Line 2, Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to ___ . 
A. inferior in quality B. inexpensive C. unwiJiing to spend D. valueless 
"When you get dragged along shopping, you're going to spend money; if you get dragged to a party and 
everyone wants to take a cab but you're cheap and want to take a bus, chances are you'll end up sharing the fee 
for the cab," said Tom. "I guess you could say no, but no one wants to be the only one eating in the snack bar 
while your friends are out to dinner." 
8. The word "portend" (Line 2, Para. I) is closest in meaning to __ . 
A) defY B) signal C) suffer from D) result from 
Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may portend a rejection 
of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse of this 
concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriages. In the past, 
only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning 
ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend 
to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days 
ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises. 
9. Judging from the context, what does "digital divide" (Para.3) probably mean? 
A. The government's analysis. 
B. The divide between the poor and the rich. 
C. The pace of the information age. 
D. The gap between people's access to the computer. 
Now for the not-so-good news. The government's analysis spells out so-called digital divide. That is, the 
digital explosion is not booming at the same pace for everyone. Yes, it is true that we are all plugged in to a much 
greater degree than any of us have been in the past. But some of us are more plugged in than others and are 
getting plugged in far more rapidly. And this gap is widening even as the pace of the information age accelerates 
through society. 
10. What do the environmentalists mean by saying "Not so fast" (Line 1, Para.3)? 
A) Oil exploitation takes a long time 
B) The oil drilling should be delayed 
C) Don't be too optimistic 
D) Don't expect fast returns 
The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption 
for as long as six years. By pumping more than I million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three 
decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi 
Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall in tax revenues, royalties and 
leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the 
environment would be insignificant. "We've never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack 
ice." says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan. 
Not so fast, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources 
Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal 
plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America's energy problems. And 
consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much 
bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR's impact on the California 
power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State's electricity 
output-and just 3% of the nation's. 
11. The phrase "sheds light on" in Paragraph 4 probably means-----' 
A. hints at B. makes clearer C. points to D. further proves 
Researchers believe the effect sheds light on our evolutionary past. It may arise from behavioral features 
that developed when early humans formed social groups to strengthen their chances of survival. For social 
groups to work, individuals had to cooperate, rather than act selfishly: "There's an argument that if nobody is 
watching us, it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when were being watched we should behave better. So 
people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us," Bateson said. 
12. What does the sentence "The bloom was off the rose" mean? 
A. the rose in the theme park was out of bloom. 
B. the year 2000 was lucky for the 50 establishments. 
C. the theme park attendance was like the rose. 
D. the best time for the theme parks was gone. 
"The bloom was off the rose as we turned the corner into 2000, so there's more discounting now," he says. 
13. What did Marty Dettling mean when she said "It's going to be big"? 
A. Green buildings have a great potential. 
B. People expect bigger green buildings. 
C. Green buildings will be larger in size. 
D. People prefer to live in bigger buildings. 
11 
Not everyone is leaping to move into a green building, however. Some people think that features such as 
solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources. Despite this, Dettling hopes that green 
buildings will become common in the future. "It's going to be big," she said. 
14. The sentence "If only the rest of his expenses were as easy to quantify." (Line 3, Para. 1) implies that 
A. there are many other unexpected expenses 
B. it is easy to calculate how much more to spend 
C. the tuition is too high to be calculated 
D. he has to pay only a few other expenses 
Each seme~ter, Andrew Tom receives a term bill outlining his expenses: tuition, dorm fee, student center fee, 
recreation fee, resident activity fee, health insurance. If only the rest of his expenses were as easy to quantity, 
15. By "only two-thirds as bad as the ones on at the moment," the author means ___ . 
A. better than B. as bad as C. worse than D. as good as 
When I lost my notebooks, I was devastated; all the ideas I'd had over the past two years were contained 
within their pages. I could remember only a few of them, but had the impression that those I couldn't recall were 
truly brilliant. Those little books were crammed with the plots of award-winning novels and scripts for radio 
comedy shows that were only two-thirds as bad as the ones on at the moment. 
16. The statement "it is all too monkey" (Last line, Para.l) implies that. ____ . 
A. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals 
B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature 
C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other 
D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions 
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been 
given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is 
regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this 
finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in 
Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. 
jjl="il -------
1. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if __ _ 
A. price of crude rises B. commodity prices rise 
C. consumption rises D. oil taxes rise 
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In 
most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. 
In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude 
have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. 
2. It can be inferred that through Chapter-A-Day------' 
A. public libraries have become crowded with readers 
B. Ms. Beecher made much money for her software company 
C. people begin to read very slowly and patiently 
D. people cannot finish reading any book online 
Chapter-A-Day started in 1999 when Suzanne Beecher, a lifelong book lover, realized how many of the 
women who worked part-time for her software development company didn't have time in their busy lives to read. 
She decided to type part of a chapter of a book, and send it to her employees through email. The next day she 
typed a little more, and continued to send literary installments each day. She says she started getting feedback 
from the staff about how reading made them feel. "They were interested, and realized that, though they didn't 
have time in their busy lives for reading, just reading that little bit each day got them back in the habit. 
"Realizing that many other people could benefit, she decided to take the idea even further and start an email 
"chapter-a-day" book club to help others ease their way back into daily reading. "Reading makes changes in 
people's lives," Beecher says. 
3. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that ____ _ 
A. the ancient athletes liked to celebrate their victories 
B. free dinners were offered during the competition 
C. city-states competed with each other to win the Olympics 
D. awards were often stolen to honor the athletes 
"The ancient athlete became celebrities, just like today. They often lived the rest of their lives being treated 
to free dinners." Cerrato said, "City-states even tried to steal away each other's athletes by offering them various 
awards." 
4. From paragraph 4 we can infer that __ ___: 
A. the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers 
B. WorldCom serves as a good example ofboth benefits and costs 
C. the costs ofthe globalization process are enormous 
D. the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition 
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the 
merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century 
ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as 
WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On 
the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness 
Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt. 
5. What can we infer from the last paragraph? 
A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions. 
B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. 
C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do. 
D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. 
The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, 
they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels 
it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing 
a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, 
whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the 
common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. 
13 
v 
6. What can be inferred from the text? 
A. Tt is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride. 
B. Intense competition may contribute to economic progress. 
C. The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation. 
D. A long history of success may pave the way for further development. 
All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to 
believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall 
as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their 
sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas. 
How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan 
has been struggling ... 
~~-=w -----
1. The qualifications for the application for the award include all of the following EXCEPT ___ _ 
A. hospital interns, resident or clinical fellows 
B. undergraduates, masters or Health Science degree candidates 
C. doctorial degree candidates or equivalents 
D. Ph. D supervisors or former student award winners 
2. The winners enjoy all of the following EXCEPT ___ _ 
A. the cash prize B. the friendship C. the art D. the hard work 
The judges look for creativity, technical skill, and overall impact on the viewer. The winner does not receive 
any money. "There is no cash prize because the event began with the concept of global camaraderie('tl'Jm)." 
DeWall explained. Instead of focusing on money, she continued, "winners revel(~bl.'tl'J) in the friendship, the art, 
and the hard work." 
3. A problem of management NOT mentioned in this passage is __ _ 
A. the problem of command B. division oflabor 
C. control by authority D. competition 
These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problems of authority, divisions of labor, discipline, 
unity of command, clarity of direction and the other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today. 
But the real impetus to management as an emerging profession was the Industrial Revolution. Originating in 
18-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes; among them John Kay's 
flying Shuttle in 1933. James Hargrove's Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Compton's Mule Spinner in 1779 and 
Edmund Cartwright's Power Loom in 1785. 
4. Images of eyes could be put up in the following places EXCEPT ___ . 
A. subway entrances B. supermarkets C. back streets D. hotels 
The new finding indicates that people have a striking response to eyes. That might be because eyes and 
faces send a strong biological signal we have evolved to respond to. The finding could be put to practical use, too. 
For example, images of eyes could increase ticket sales on public transport and improve supervision systems to 
prevent antisocial behavior. 
5. The factor that does NOT influence the size of the workforce is ---
A. the size of the total population 
B. the age distribution of a population 
C. the national economy 
D. the natural population growth 
Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the total population, there are several 
other influences which also affect it. The age distribution of the total population has a very marked effect on the 
available workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work, 
then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution. If the 
population grows rapidly from natural increase, i.e. the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths, 
then as the total population increases, the proportion in the workforce declines. 
6. Which of the following does NOT account for people's desire for success? 
A. The Puritan belief in the virtue of work. 
B. Richness of opportunities in the new world. 
C. Lack of fixed social ranks and classes. 
D. Determination to deny the values of the new world. 
A good many things contributed to this accent on success. There was the Puritan belief in the virtue of work, 
both for its own sake and because the rewards it brought were regarded as signs of God's love. There was the 
richness of opportunity in a land waiting to be settled. There was the lack of a settled society with fixed ranks 
and classes, so that a man was certain to rise through achievement. 
7. People become homeless for all the following reasons EXCEPT ___ . 
A. the lack of adequate education 
B. the abuse of alcohol and drugs 
C. the closure of institutions for the mentally ill 
D. the poor performance of economy 
People may become homeless for numerous reasons. However, there are certain factors that many of these 
individuals have in common. They include a lack of adequate education and job skills. A majority of the 
teenagers and adults have not completed high school. 
The abuse of alcohol and drugs is also a common factor. One third of the adult homeless population abuses 
alcohol, while one quarter of the same group uses drugs. 
Some members of this population suffer mental health problems. Within the past several years many 
institutions for the mentally ill have been closed and their patients sent "home". Un- fortunately, a number of 
those people have no home to go to and they are unable to adequately look after themselves. 
8. Smart dust sensors can do all the following EXCEPT-----' 
A. giving troops their protective gear 
B. organizing themselves into a Computer network 
C. detecting the movement of military vehicles nearby 
D. operating in remote and dangerous war zones 
In early 2004 eight tiny sensors were dropped from a plane near a military base in California. After hitting 
the ground, the sensors -also known as smart dust sensors-organized themselves into a network and quickly 
detected a fleet of military vehicles on the ground. They determined the direction, speed and size of a series of 
15 
military vehicles traveling along the road and later transmitted the data to a computer at a nearby base camp. 
Smart dust sensors are minicomputers--as small as a grain of rice in some cases--that can monitor and 
evaluate their physical environment and can relay the information via wireless communication. They can monitor 
elements such as temperature, moisture, humidity, pressure, energy use, vibration, light, motion, radiation, gas, 
and chemicals. These devices will soon have many applications, such as use in emergency rescue. 
Software has been developed to run these minicomputers. A key feature of the software is the ability of the 
sensors to automatically organize themselves into a communications network and talk to each other via wireless 
radio signals. If any one connection is interrupted, the sensors will self-correct and pass the information on to the 
next available sensor. 
Each sensor has a chip that does the computing work--recording things like temperature and motion at its 
location. Each sensor also has a tiny radio transmitter that allows it to talk to other sensors within 100 feet or so. 
With a single network of I 0 000 sensors--thought to be the biggest array of sensors cmTently possible--you could 
cover 9 square miles and get information about each point along the way. The data finally works its way to a base 
station that can send the information to a computer or to a wireless network. 
The scientists who are working with this technology say smart dust sensors can be used to detect the 
location or movement of enemy troops in areas too dangerous or remote for soldiers to operate. Scattering 
hundreds of self-networking sensors from a manned or unmanned plane onto the battlefield, in theory, could 
produce critical information and lead to strategic advantage. Sensors could also be used to detect the presence of 
chemical weapons and could give troops the time needed to put on protective gear. 
~!mil ___ _ 
1. The experiment conducted in Newcastle University shows that ___ . 
A. people enjoy free drinks more than paid ones 
B. most people are dishonest if nobody is watching 
C. people like pictures Of flowers more than pictures of eyes 
D. people are more honest when watched by pictures of eyes 
Honesty is the best policy, as the English saying goes. Unfortunately, honesty often deserts us when no one 
is watching. British psychologists reported last week. 
Researchers at UK's Newcastle University set up an experiment in their psychology department's coffee 
room. They set a kettle with tea, coffee and milk on the counter and hung up a Sign listing the prices for drinks. 
People helping themselves to a cup of drink were supposed to put a few cents in the box nearby. The scientists 
hung a poster above the money box, and it changed each week between images of gazing eyes and pictures of 
flowers. The researchers found that staff paid 2. 76 times more for their drinks when the image of the eyes was 
hung. "Frankly we were shocked by the size of the effect," said Gilbert Roberts, one of the researchers. 
2. Gilbert Roberts was shocked because __ _ 
A. so many people had participated in the experiment 
B. so many of the participants were dishonest 
C. the effects of the pictures of flowers and gazing eyes were so different 
D. the effects of eyes and ot.her perceptual signals were so powerful 
Honesty is the best policy, as the English saying goes. Unfortunately, honesty often deserts us when no one is 
watching. British psychologists reported last week. 
Researchers at UK's Newcastle University set up an experiment in their psychology department's coffee room. 
They set a kettle with tea, coffee and milk on the counter and hung up a Sign listing the prices for drinks. People 
helping themselves to a cup of drink were supposed to put a few cents in the box nearby. The scientists hung a 
poster above the money box, and it changed each week between images of gazing eyes and pictures of flowers. 
The researchers found that staff paid 2. 76 times more for their drinks when the image of the eyes was hung. 
"Frankly we were shocked by the size of the effect," said Gilbert Roberts, one of the researchers. 
Eyes are known to be a powerful perceptual signal for humans. "Even though the eyes were not real, they still 
seemed to make people behave more honestly," said Melissa Bate-son, a behavioral biologist and leader of the 
study. 
3. What does the example of India illustrate? 
A. Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people. 
B. Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor. 
C. The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes. 
D. India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate. 
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as 
fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the 
number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of 
offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it 
have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and 
poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today-everyone being the same in survival and 
number of offspring-means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared 
to the tribes. 
4. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's 
A. discontent with animal research. 
B. ignorance about medical science. 
C. indifference to epidemics. 
D. anxiety about animal rights. 
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, " all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided 
cause is that good people do nothing." .One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the 
theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal 
rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health 
knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on 
public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to 
animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. 
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffmg an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a 
brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, 
no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. 
When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics 
return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers. "Such well-meaning people just 
don's understand. 
5. What do the fourth-grade students seem to be doing in the first paragraph? 
A. They are learning how to jump. 
C. They are learning how to giggle. 
B. They are learning how to crouch. 
D. They are learning Chinese. 
17 
18 
y 
Jessica Bucknam shouts "tiao!" (tee-ow) and her fourth-grade students jump. "Dun!" (doo-wen) she 
commands, and they crouch. They giggle as the commands keep coming in Mandarin Chinese. 
Half of the 340 students at the K-5 school are enrolled in the program. They can continue studying Chinese 
in middle and high schools. The goal: to speak like natives. 
6. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to 
A. call on scientists to take some actions. 
B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights. 
C. warn of the doom of biomedical research. 
D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement. 
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, " all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided 
cause is that good people do nothing. " One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the 
theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully ttr animal 
rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health 
knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on 
public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to 
animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. 
~31.~----
1. The writer thinks that the U. S. government's definition of the homeless reveals-----' 
A. an insincere attitude toward the homeless 
B. an unbearable attitude toward the homeless 
C. an uncivilized attitude toward the homeless 
D. an unsympathetic attitude toward the homeless 
According to the United States government, people are classified as homeless if they have no place to stay 
and no expectation of finding a place for the next thirty days. Although technically accurate, that is an impersonal 
assessment of an enormous and very human problem. 
2. The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people's state of mind are ___ . 
A) surprising B) confusing C) illogical D) questionable 
I'm usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or 
more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they 
are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today's 
children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children 
ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago. 
3. What's George Lodge's attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders? 
A) sympathetic B) biased. C) critical D) approving. 
Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame "almost a feudal way 
of purging the community of dishonor," and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. 
4. What does the author say about crying? 
A) It is a pointless physiological response to the environment. 
B) It must have a role to play in man's survival. 
C) It is meant to get attention and assistance. 
D) It usually produces the desired effect. 
Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, 
if any, purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that 
enhance survival. 
5. From the text we can see that the writer seems 
A. optimistic B. sensitive C. gloomy D. scared 
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In 
most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. 
In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude 
have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. 
6. What is the author's attitude towards achieving the targets set up in the laws? 
A. confident. B. pessimistic. C. suspicious. D. indifferent. 
The new recycling laws may not cost as much as one might think. Many of the new targets are only 
incrementally tougher than existing ones. Carmakers, for instance, will in five years have to recycle or reuse 80 
percent, by weight, of their old cars. But in the more eco-conscious northern states, they already voluntarily 
recycle 60 percent. That may be why manufacturers have greeted the new rules meekly. Ford claims that its latest 
Fiesta hatchback, newly built for the European market, is already 85 percent recyclable; that's a powerful image 
for the new eco-friendly manufacturing, provided Europe's medicine works without too many side effects. 
7. The attitude of many emp1oyers toward DDA amendments is __ _ 
A. supportive. B. negative. C. optimistic. D. pessimistic. 
Lynne Nelson, employment coordinator for the Royal National Institute for the Deaf agrees. "Technology is 
very much underused. Employers are not aware of what's available and they're more reactive than proactive." 
8. Toward robot traders, the writer's attitude can be said to be ___ . 
A. biased B. negative C. pessimistic D. optimistic. 
Thanks to slumping markets, investment banks are shedding many of their highly-paid traders. When markets 
recover, the banks might be tempted to replace them with rather cheaper talent. One alternative has been around 
for a while but has yet to catch on: autonomous trading agents-computers programmed to act like the human 
version without such pesky (i-;j 1* i¥J) costs as holidays, lunch breaks or bonuses. Program trading has, of course, 
been done before: some blamed the 1987 stockmarket crash on computers instructed with simple 
decision-making rules.But robots can be smarter than that. 
Bank of America has been investigating these new auctions, along with robotic traders, for possible use in 
electronic exchanges. The hope is that today's financial auctions and online marketplaces might work better by 
becoming more like their English and Dutch forebears. But what to call such multi-ethnic hybrids? Here's 
introducing the "Cliffhanger". 
9. The author's attitude toward Bush's performance at the meeting is __ . 
A. scornful. B. satisfactory. C. supporting. D. objective. 
Our perspective was clearly eye-opening to him. When one of us talked about his lesbian sister and her partner 
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adopting children, the govemor acknowledged his often-stated belief that gays should not adopt. "Now you're 
telling me of a very loving, caring relationship," he said. "I really appreciate hearing that." We stressed that a 
Bush administration could not roll back any of the progress made in recent years. We talked about AIDS funding 
and research. Though Bush was attentive-and does show a willingness to hear all sides-I don't think we 
changed his positions, he still opposes gay marriage and classifying crimes against gays as hate crimes. To be 
honest, Bush still has a long way to go. But I think he's a lot farther along today than he was last week. 
I 0. The author's attitude towards ethical investing seems to be __ _ 
A. very critical B.quite disappointed C. very positive D. cautiously hopeful 
The most challenging question is whether these funds do any good. After getting past hyperbolic claims 
there is not much evidence, but it is a young movement and given enough time, it may just have the kind of 
effect investors hope it will have. It hasn't hurt investors to stay out of tobacco stocks or to load up on companies 
with good environmental or labor records. Just the opposite. Good business practices make good companies, not 
the other way around. 
11. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can be said to be-----' 
A. optimistic B. objective C. pessimistic D. biased 
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the 
globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and 
enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer's demands. All these are 
beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases. 
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the 
merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century 
ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as 
WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On 
the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness 
Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt. 
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan wamed 
against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last 
resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to 
another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon 
itself the role of "defending competition" on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft 
case? 
12. The attitude of the writer toward euthanasia is ---
A. negative C. objective 
B. positive D. casual 
In ancient Greek, the term euthanatos meant "easy death". Today euthanasia generally refers to mercy killing, 
the voluntary ending of the life of someone who is terminally ill. Like abortion, euthanasia has become a legal, 
medical, and moral issue over which opinion is divided. 
Euthanasia can be either active or passive. Active euthanasia means that a physician or other medical 
personnel takes an action that will result in death, such as giving an overdose of deadly medicine. Passive 
euthanasia means letting a patient die for lack of treatment, or stopping the treatment that has begun. Examples 
of passive euthanasia include taking patients off a breathing machine or removing other life-support systems. 
Stopping the food supply is also considered passive. 
A good deal of the debate about mercy killing originates from the decision-making process. Who decides 
whether a patient is to die? This issue has not been solved legally in the United States. The matter is left to state 
law, which usually allows the physician in charge to suggest the option of death to a patient's relatives, especially 
if the patient is brain dead. In an attempt to make decisions about when their own lives should end, several 
terminally ill patients in the early 1990s used a controversial suicide device, developed by Dr. Jack Kevorkian, to 
end their lives. 
In parts of Europe, the decision-making process has become very flexible. Even in cases where the 
patients are not brain dead, patients have been put to death without their approval at the request of relatives or at 
the suggestion of physicians. Many cases of passive euthanasia involve old people or newborn infants. The 
principle justifying this practice is that such individuals have a "life not worthy oflife". 
In countries where passive euthanasia is not legal, the court systems have proved very tolerant in dealing 
with medical personnel who practice it. In Japan, for example, if physicians follow certain guidelines they may 
actively carry out mercy killings on hopelessly ill people. Courts have also been somewhat tolerant of friends or 
relatives who have assisted terminally ill patients to die. 
1. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that the authors' attitude toward flunking is 
A. negative B. positive C. biased D. indifferent 
2. What is the author's attitude towards computers? 
A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. prejudiced 
3. What is the author's attitude towards working irregular hours? 
A. pessimistic B. optimistic C. indifferent D. Objective 
4. From the tone of the passage we know that the author is __ . 
A) doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safety 
B) unhappy with those who vote against the ownership ofH-bombs 
C) not serious about the private ownership ofH-bombs 
D) concerned about the spread of nuclear weapons 
2. According to the passage, some people started a national association so as to 
A) block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bomb 
B) coordinate the mass production of the destructive weapon 
C) instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at home 
D) promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weapon 
3. Some people oppose the ownership ofH-bombs by individuals on the grounds that __ _ 
A) the size of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawer 
B) most people don't know how to handle the weapon 
C) people's lives will be threatened by the weapon 
D) they may fall into the hands of criminals 
4. By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman means that it ___ . 
A) will frighten away any possible intruders 
B) can show the special status of its owners 
C) will threaten the safety of the owners as well 
D) can kill those entering others' houses by force 
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5. According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs are very much WOITied that 
A) the influence of the association is too powerful for the less privileged to overcome 
B) poorly-educated Americans will find it difficult to make use of the weapon 
C) the wide use of the weapon will push up living expenses tremendously 
D) the cost of the weapon will put citizens on an unequal basis 
~7\13 ------
1. It can be concluded from Paragraph 2 that ___ . 
A. a population growth leads to a greater proportion of workforce 
B. a large population does not necessarily mean a high proportion of workforce 
C. the size of the aged determines the proportion ofworkforce 
D. the proportion of the very young determines the size of workforce 
Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the total population, there are several 
other influences which also affect it. The age distribution of the total population has a very marked effect on the 
available workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work, 
then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution. If the 
population grows rapidly from natural increase, i.e. the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths, 
then as the total population increases, the proportion in the workforce declines. 
2. The last paragraph focuses on ___ . 
A. the factors that influence the workforce structure 
B. the importance of workforce distribution to the economy 
C. the relationship between the age distribution and the economy 
D. the influence of population growth on the national economy 
The age distribution of the population has several important effects on the economy. If the population is aging 
and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering 
the workforce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social 
services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes or hotels, finances must be available 
for that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population, then the government tax 
receipts are relatively low and either the government has less money available to it or the workforce members 
have to be taxed more heavily. 
~-t-=w ____ _ 
1. What is the text mainly about? 
A. needs of the readers all over the world 
B. causes of the public disappointment about newspapers 
C. origins of the declining newspaper industry 
D. aims of a journalism credibility project 
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of 
Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis 
known as the journalism credibility project. 
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and 
grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers 
really want. 
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard 
templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in 
the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing 
news. 
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why 
the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were 
sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in 
these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. 
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale 
neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do 
volunteer work, or put down roots in a community. 
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the 
conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor 
reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers. 
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that 
keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a 
credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never 
seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. 
If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters 
who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. 
2. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? 
A. Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution 
B. Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution 
C. The Evolutionary Future of Nature 
D. Human Evolution Going Nowhere 
Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this 
ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as 
men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls 
do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are 
searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, 
the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too 
heavy meant almost cettain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to 
genes, one more agent of evolution has gone. 
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as 
fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the 
number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of 
offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it 
have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and 
poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today-everyone being the same in survival and 
number of offspring-means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared 
to the tribes. 
23 
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For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little 
physical change. No other species fills so many place s in nature. But in the past 100,000 years-even the past I 00 
years-our lives have been transfom1ed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society 
did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as a 
savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension." No doubt we will remember a 20th 
century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how 
far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us. 
3. What conclusion can be drawn from the text? 
A) Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with. 
B) Children's anxiety has been enormously exaggerated. 
C) Children's anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care. 
D) Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature. 
I'm usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or 
more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they 
are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today's 
children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children 
ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago. 
Why are America's kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation -­
brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things -- and a growing 
perception that the world is a more dangerous place. 
Given that we can't tum the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope. 
At the top of the list is nurturing a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. 
Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress. 
To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your 
family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep. 
Limit the amount of virtual violence your children are exposed to. It's not just video games and movies; 
children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news. 
Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended 
Harvard or Yale. 
Make exercise pmt of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a good 
model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn't have to ruin your life. 
4. The best title for the text may be __ _ 
A. Use Humor Effectively. 
B. Various Kinds ofHumor. 
C. Add Humor to Speech. 
D. Different Humor Strategies. 
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you mus! know how to identify shared 
experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you 
are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on 
whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may 
refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may 
want to comment on their disorganized bosses. 
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience 
all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees 
wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and 
friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who 
rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. " Who is that?" the new 
arrival asked St. Peter. "On, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor." 
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and 
problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the 
inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to 
cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their 
chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. 
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual 
and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the 
delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an 
unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. 
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't 
succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at 
your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can tum about and inject with humor. 
5. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ---
A. oil-price shocks are less shocking now. 
B. inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks. 
C. energy conservation can keep down the oil prices. 
D. the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry. 
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, 
the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling 
of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also 
almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are 
the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? 
The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic 
growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short 
term. 
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In 
most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. 
In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude 
have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. 
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. 
Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries 
have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car 
production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. 
The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, it oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, 
compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. 
That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging 
economies-to which heavy industry has shifted-have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more 
25 
seriously squeezed. 
One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not 
occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable 
portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is 
broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. 
6. The text is mainly about ___ . 
A) resignation as an effective way of dealing with business crises 
B) the importance of delegating responsibility to employees 
C) ways of evading responsibility in times of crises 
D) the difference between two business cultures 
In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victim's 
family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. And in 1987, when a subsidiary of Toshiba sole sensitive 
military technology to the former Soviet Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post. 
These executive actions, which Toshiba calls "the highest form of apology," may seem bizarre to US 
managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair. 
The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US 
executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only 
authority-the responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the 
Soviets had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said they "must take personal responsibility for not 
creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an 
independently run subsidiary." 
Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in 
Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, 
Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a 
company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the 
sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business. 
Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame "almost a feudal way 
of purging the community of dishonor," and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. 
However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading 
responsibility, many US managers would probably welcome an infusion of the Japanese sense of responsibility, 
If, for instance, US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their 
workers to take pay cuts, negotiations would probably take on a very different character. 
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 
1. The text can be entitled ___ .....: 
A. No Income, No Market. 
B. Income and Spending ofthe Youth. 
C. Direct and Indirect Spending of Children. 
D. Premature Affluence in the Society. 
2. By saying "the youths' incomes are almost entirely discretionary", the author means that the youths 
A. don't need to get parents' permission before spending. 
B. do not have burdens of paying for their own necessities. 
C. tend to buy luxuries instead of life necessities for them. 
D. tend to be very careful when they spend their money. 
3. The youths' consumer behavior is strongly consumption-oriented partly because they 
A. are with initiative and independence. 
B. don't receive good education. 
C. are greatly influenced by mass media. 
D. spend their childhood in hard times. 
4. The result of the influence of environmental forces on youths is that they 
A. tend to be optimistic about their future. 
B. tend to be more selfish and arrogant now. 
C. become more aware of environmental problems. 
D. become more active in protecting environment. 
There is no market without income, and the youth segment qualifies on this important dimension. Their 
spending reached about $ 55 billion in 1988, with approximately $ 11 billion put in savings. Because many 
jobs are available in fast-food restaurants and other businesses that need young people for labor, over 30 percent 
of high school senior boys and nearly 25 percent of senior girls say they work on average over 20 hours a week 
during the school year. 
The important facet of teen incomes is that they are almost entirely discretionary; that is, there are few, if any, 
fixed obligations such as taxes, rent, insurance, and utilities that these youths must meet. A notable result of 
increasing youth income is the increasing tendency of youths to buy more durable and high-priced products, from 
radios to jeans, cosmetics, and footwear. According to the president of a youth-research company, "Products 
which were considered luxuries a few years ago are deemed necessities by youths and parents alike." Thus, some 
youths are experiencing "premature affluence"-they have a lot of spending money but will not be able to 
sustain that level of discretionary spending once they have taken on the burdens of paying for their own 
necessities. 
Why do youths have such a strong consumption orientation? According to one researcher, three significant 
forces have molded their attitudes and behavior. First, the experience of growing up in a period of economic 
optimism. A second factor is permissive child rearing, which has been linked by researchers to a reduced 
capacity for initiative and independence. Third, the new generation has a higher educational level and heavier 
exposure to the mass media. 
These environmental forces have had a significant influence on their consumer-behavior orientations. The 
result has been that youths tend to be rather optimistic about their future fmancial situations and level of living. 
For example, almost all young people look forward to what has been labeled the "standard package"-the set of 
durable goods, clothing, food products, and services enjoyed by the majority of Americans. Although they used 
to be told to save their money, young people in America today are being raised to spend, according to an 
authority who conducts a yearly youth poll. It is also important to recognize that the teen market not only spends 
a great deal of money on its own, but also influences the amount spent by parents. In total, it represents an almost 
$ 250 billion market in direct or indirect spending. Even children aged 4 to 12 directly influence $ 132 billion 
qf household purchases. Today's parents recognize that their kids are a lot more involved in making family 
decisions than they were as children, and many teens are doing the family shopping. Corporations are 
recognizing this trend and capitalizing on the fact that children can be very persistent in their search for a 
particular item. 
2. Which of the following can be the best title for this text? 
A. Education and Success 
27 
B. Extracurricular Activities at School 
C. Athletic Sports 
D. Intellectual Achievement 
While it is true that Americans believe climbing the educational ladder leads to success, they are less certain 
that intellectual achievement is the only important factor leading to success. A competitive personality is seen as 
important to success , especially in men. The development of social and political skills is also considered to be 
very important. 
To help Americans develop these other important skills , schools have added a large number of 
extracurricular activities to daily life at school . This is especially true of high schools and colleges and extends 
down into elementary schools as well. 
Athletics , frequently called "competitive sports ,"are perhaps the most important in teaching students , 
particularly boys ,the "winning spirit ," At times , athletic teams seem to become more important to some 
students and their parents than the academic programs offered by the schools . 
3. What is the subject of this essay? 
A. view point on learning 
B. a qualified teacher 
C. the importance of examination 
D. the generation gap 
4. What is the main idea of this passage? 
A. The influence of ice on the diet. 
B. The transportation of goods to market. 
C. The development of refrigeration. 
D. Sources of the term "ice-"ox". 
~J\."il ____ _ 
1. The word "Also" (line 2, para.2) is used to_. 
A. continue the discussion of total U.S. electricity use. 
B. Expand the topic of the reduction of energy and water use. 
C. Include the discussion of public transportation. 
D. Shift the focus to the topic of the environment protection. 
Buildings account for 65 percent of total U.S. electricity use. But green buildings can reduce energy and 
water use. Also, the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways, so that 
people can drive their cars less. That could be good for the environment, because cars use lots of natural 
resources such as gasoline, and give off pollution. Green buildings are often built on previously developed land, 
so that the buildings don't destroy forests or other wild habitats. 
2. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ___ _ 
A. posing a contrast 
B. justifYing an assumption 
C. making a comparison 
D. explaining a phenomenon 
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been 
given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behavior is 
regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this 
finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in 
Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. 
3. What might the previous paragraphs deal with? 
A. The relationship between meals and convenience food. 
B. The importance of convenience food in people's life. 
C. The rise of convenience food. 
D. The history of food industry. 
Convenience food helps companies by creating growth, but what is its effect on people? For people who think 
cooking was the foundation of civilization ,the microwave is the last enemy. The communion of eating 
together ... 
4. What is going to be discussed in the following paragraphs? 
A. The philosophy of visionary executives. 
B. The process of television taking over sport. 
C. Television coverage expansion. 
D. An example to show how sport has taken over television. 
The most visionary executives go further. That philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport why 
not have sports taken over television? 
jfl:h:'il ----
1. Chicago Public Schools began to employ foreign teachers because __ . 
A. there were not enough American teachers 
B. a program for foreign teachers was started 
C. the school board was interested in foreign teachers 
D. foreign teachers taught better than American teachers 
Chicago Public Schools are going to great lengths to hire teachers-now the school district recruits teachers 
from other countries to help solve a shortage of teachers. It all started in 1999, when Rouses Hannon, a math and 
physics teacher from Palestine, visited Chicago. He read about the teacher shortage at Chicago Public Schools 
and asked the school board if they'd hire him. The board was interested and decided to create a special program 
for foreign-born teachers like Hannon, and he was the first teacher hired. 
2. The writer regards physical exercise as a strong medicine because __ _ 
A. the WHO holds the view 
B. it helps improve the quality of life 
C. the lack of it equals serious illness 
D. it enables people to live longer 
Declaring that physical exercise is one of the most powerful medicines to help improve our quality of life 
is not an exaggeration. The World Health Organization expressed the same view in its 2002 World Health Report, 
29 
emphasizing that the damage produced by lack of physical activity was equal to the strong probability of serious 
illness such as heart disease and even some kinds of cancer. 
3. Many people do not engage in physical exercise mainly because __ .
A. they are not aware of its benefits 
B. they don't have the facilities 
C. they don't think it necessary 
D. they are physically unfit for it 
TI10se who have embraced an active lifestyle for years are familiar with the sort of physical and 
psychological benefits that come from exercise. Nevertheless a lot of people would never think of physical 
activity as a way of feeling better, holding that they are not in need of it, or maintaining that they haven't got 
enough time. 
4. Physical exercise is socially beneficial because __ _ 
A. it gives people competitive advantage 
B. it helps people reduce anxiety 
C. it enables employees to work better for their company 
D. it makes people confident in dealing with people 
Lastly, seeing ourselves in better health is advantageous socially. The sense of satisfaction thus obtained will 
result in an increase of self-respect and self-confidence in terms of our ability to interact with others. 
5. The breakup of families is likely to lead to homelessness because a parent with kids may ___ . 
A. lose his or her job in today's economy 
B. be unable to look after the kids 
C. not have enough income 
D. find residence at a homeless shelter 
Job loss in today's economy has also become a real factor in the loss of people's homes. The breakup of 
families through abandonment and divorce are also contributing factors, particularly when there are children 
involved. l11e parent who is left to care for the kids with inadequate income may be forced to depend on the 
homeless shelters to put a roof over their heads. 
6. Gilbert Roberts was shocked because. ___ . 
A. so many people had participated in the experiment 
B. so many ofthe participants were dishonest 
C. the effects of the pictures of flowers and gazing eyes were so different 
D. the effects of eyes and other perceptual signals were so powerful 
Researchers at UK's Newcastle University set up an experiment in their psychology department's coffee 
room. They set a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk on the counter and hung up a sign listing the prices for drinks. 
People helping themselves to a cup of drink were supposed to put a few cents in the box nearby. The scientists 
hung a poster above the money box, and it changed each week between images of gazing eyes and pictures of 
flowers. The researchers found that staff paid 2.76 times more for their drinks when the image of the eyes was 
hung. "Frankly we were shocked by the size of the effect," said Gilbert Roberts, one of the researchers. 
~-t-15" ___ _ 
1. Chapter-A-Day is intended to help people __ _ 
A. get back into the habit of reading 
B. relieve stress from office work 
C. find interesting books online 
D. buy books more conveniently 
Don't have time to read anymore? Now you can get free, quick literature via email. More than 100 000 
people open their email each day to read a chapter of a book, through Chapter-A- Day, an online book club 
created two years ago. It's a free email service that provides a short dai- ly reading for busy people, exposing 
them to literature they may not find on their own, inspiring some to recommit it to the reading habit. About 550 
public library systems representing over 3 000 branch libraries already have signed up to offer Chapter-A-Day. 
Via email, participants get about five minutes' worth of reading every day. After three chapters are emailed, the 
installments stop, and those who want to keep reading can borrow the book at their public library or purchase it 
online. Chapter-A-Day has eight free book clubs, and sells thousands of books each month. 
2. Workforce is composed of 
A. both the employed and the self-employed 
B. people employed to work for others 
C. both employers and employees 
D. people available to work and earn incomes 
Workforce is defined as the total number of people who are available to work and earn incomes. The 
definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment, so it includes employees and the 
self-employed. 
3. According to the text, early humans ___ . 
A. were less selfish than the present-day people 
B. were more co-operative in nature 
C. had to be co-operative to survive 
D. had to behave better than the present-day people 
Researchers believe the effect sheds light on our evolutionary past. It may arise from behavioral features 
that developed when early humans formed social groups to strengthen their chances of survival. For social 
groups to work, individuals had to cooperate, rather than act selfishly: "There's an argument that if nobody is 
watching us, it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when being watched we should behave better. So people 
see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us," Bateson said. 
4. According to the text, regular physical exercise can make old people __ _ 
A. better able to look after themselves 
B. look younger than they really are 
C. less likely to suffer from diseases 
31 
D. more aggressive in their interaction with others 
And for the elderly? There is no doubt that regular physical activity allows greater efficiency in daily life as 
well as creating more basic independence day by day, including the possibility of keeping in touch with others 
and not feeling isolated. 
5. The U. S. government helps the homeless by ___ . 
A. giving them homeless allowances 
C. finding jobs for them 
B. giving them food stamps 
D. finding residences for them 
Currently in the U.S., thirty-nine million people live in poverty. When money is really tight, paying the rent 
or buying food often becomes a choice. Government assistance in the fom1 of food stamps does help but, as one 
homeless man explains, you can't pay the rent with food stamps. 
6. Most of the homeless in the U.S. are.~~~ 
A. male adults B. female adults C. the elderly D. children 
Although men constitute the largest group within the homeless population, homeless women with children 
are rapidly joining them. In fact, one quarter of the homeless people in the U. S. are teenagers and young 
children. 
7. If connection between two sensors is blocked, the network will automatically ___ _.! 
A. replace the sensor involved 
B. repair the sensor involved 
C. ignore the sensor involved 
D. destroy the sensor involved 
Software has been developed to run these minicomputers. A key feature of the software is the ability of the 
sensors to automatically organize themselves into a communications network and talk to each other via wireless 
radio signals. If any one connection is interrupted, the sensors will self-correct and pass the information on to the 
next available sensor. 
8. A terminally ill patient is one who __ _ 
A. gets worse every day 
B. can never get well again 
C. is very seriously ill in the end 
D. is too ill to want to live on 
In ancient Greek, the tenn euthanatos meant "easy death". Today euthanasia generally refers to mercy 
killing, the voluntary ending of the life of someone who is tenninally ill. Like abortion, euthanasia has become a 
legal, medical, and moral issue over which opinion is divided. 
9. The difference between active and passive euthanasia is whether __ . 
A. there is an action that speeds up the death of the patient 
B. the breathing machine is taken offthe patient 
C. an overdose of deadly medicine is used 
D. the patient is denied food supply 
Euthanasia can be either active or passive. Active euthanasia means that a physician or other medical 
personnel takes an action that will result in death, such as giving an overdose of deadiy medicine. Passive 
euthanasia means letting a patient die for lack of treatment, or stopping the treatment that has begun. Examples 
of passive euthanasia include taking patients off a breathing machine or removing other life-support systems. 
Stopping the food supply is also considered passive. 
10. The principle justifying passive euthanasia in Europe is that terminally ill patients are __ _ 
A. living a life without consciousness 
B. living a life that can hardly be called life 
C. too old or too weak to live on 
D. too old or too young to approve of euthanasia 
In parts of Europe, the decision-making process has become very flexible. Even in cases where the patients 
are not brain dead, patients have been put to death without their approval at the request of relatives or at the 
suggestion of physicians. Many cases of passive euthanasia involve old people or newborn infants. The principle 
justifYing this practice is that such individuals have a "life not worthy of life". 
11. The results of the journalism credibility project proved to be __ . 
A. quite trustworthy 
B.somewhat contradictory 
C.very illuminating 
D. rather superficial 
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and 
grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers 
really want. 
~+--=w ___ _ 
1. How many years did it take to complete the collection of recordings? 
A. 26 years B. 33 years 
C. 44 years D. 57 years. 
The Library of Congress released the collection of recordings, Voices from the Days of Slavery, in January. 
The recordings were made between 1932 and 1975. Speaking at least 60 years after their emancipation, the 
storytellers discuss their experiences as slaves. They also tell about their lives as free men and women. 
2. How many U.S. households have linked to Internet today? 
A .. More than 25 percent. 
C. More than 42 percent. 
B. By 29 percent. 
D. More than 50 percent. 
Today, the computer has taken up appliance status in more than 42 percent of households across the United 
States. And these computers are increasingly being wired to the Internet. Online access was up more than 50 
percent in just the past year. Now, more than one quarter of all U.S. households can surf in cyberspace. 
3. According to the text, the computer use by the high-income level is __ that by the lowest income 
levels. 
A. 8 percent more than B. 76.56 percent more than 
33 
C. nearly I 0 times as many as D. about 20 times as many as 
The highest income bracket households, those earning more than $75,000 annually, are 20 times as likely to 
have access to the Internet as households at the lowest income levels, under $10,000 annually. The computer 
penetration rate at the high-income level is an amazing 76.56 percent, compared with 8 percent at the bottom end 
ofthe scale. 
4. The text was written in __ _ 
A. 1999 B. 2000 C.2001 D.2002 
Don't have time to read anymore? Now you can get free, quick literature via email. More than I 00 000 
people open their email each day to read a chapter of a book, through Chapter-A- Day, an online book club 
created two years ago. It's a free email service that provides a short dai- ly reading for busy people, exposing 
them to literature they may not find on their own, inspiring some to recommit it to the reading habit. About 550 
public library systems representing over 3 000 branch libraries already have signed up to offer Chapter-A-Day. 
Via email, participants get about five minutes' worth of reading every day. After three chapters are emailed, the 
installments stop, and those who want to keep reading can borrow the book at their public library or purchase it 
online. Chapter-A-Day has eight free book clubs, and sells thousands of books each month. 
Chapter-A-Day started in 1999 when Suzanne Beecher, a lifelong book lover, realized how many of the 
women who worked part-time for her software development company didn't have time in their busy lives to read. 
She decided to type part of a chapter of a book, and send it to her employees through email. The next day she 
typed a little more, and continued to send literary installments each day. She says she started getting feedback 
from the staff about how reading made them feel. "They were interested, and realized that, though they didn't 
have time in their busy lives for reading, just reading that little bit each day got them back in the habit. 
"Realizing that many other people could benefit, she decided to take the idea even further and start an email 
"chapter-a-day" book club to help others ease their way back into daily reading. "Reading makes changes in 
people's lives," Beecher says. 
5. To cover an area of 3 square miles and get information about each point along the way, how many smart 
dust sensors are needed? 
A. About 3 000 sensors. B. About 3 300 sensors. 
C. About 5 000 sensors. D. About 6 600 sensors. 
Each sensor has a chip that does the computing work--recording things like temperature and motion at its 
location. Each sensor also has a tiny radio transmitter that allows it to talk to other sensors within 100 feet or so. 
With a single network of 10 000 sensors--thought to be the biggest array ( :fj~ ~U ) of sensors currently 
possible--you could cover 9 square miles and get information about each point along the way. The data finally 
works its way to a base station that can send the information to a computer or to a wireless network. 
•+=1l ------
1. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to __ . 
A. determine its purposes 
B. ignore its flaws 
C. follow the new fashions 
D. accept the principles 
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are 
aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to 
come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for 
whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it 
can hardly be classed as literature. 
2. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should __ . 
A. communicate more with the public 
B. employ hi-tech means in research 
C. feel no shame for their cause 
D. strive to develop new cures 
Scientists must convey their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way - in human 
terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research 
and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To 
those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments 
and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. 
CUD 
01 
Jn order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency," George Osborne, Chancellor of the 
Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV 
register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should 
report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable? 
More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. 
"Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he claimed. "We're doing these 
things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster" Help? 
Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, 
complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly 
unemployed to fmd work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for 
"fundamental fairness"-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving 
claimants received their benefits. 
Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the 
prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is fmancially terrifying, psychologically 
embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you 
are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial 
income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what 
they want and the answer is always: a job. 
But in Osborn eland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency -permanent dependency if you can get it 
-supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms 
of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer 
that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster 
happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance" is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who 
had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. 
35 
Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement 
and no insurance, at £ 71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU. 
21. George Osborne's scheme was intended to 
[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits. 
[B] encourage jobseekers' active engagement in job seeking. 
[C) motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily. 
[D] guaranteejobseekers' legitimate right to benefits. 
22. l11e phrase "to sign on"(Line3, Para.2)most probably means 
[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre. 
[B] to accept the government's restriction on the allowance. 
[C] to register for an allowance form the government. 
[D] to attend a government job-training program. 
23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme? 
[A] A desire to secure a better life for all 
[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed. 
[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants. 
[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers. 
24.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel 
[A]uneasy 
[B]enraged 
[C) insulted 
[D]guilty 
25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree? 
[A] The British welfare system indulgesjobseekers' laziness. 
[B] Osborne's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment. 
[C) The jobseekers' allowance has met their actual needs. 
[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional. 
02 
All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession-with the 
possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than 
America. 
During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as 
inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. 
But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer 
that makes the tort system a costly nightmare. 
There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a 
lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the 
American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today's average law-school 
graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work 
fearsomely hard. 
Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a 
long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. 
One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after 
only two years oflaw school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit 
it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain 
by a third. 
The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. 
Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and 
innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the 
regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather 
than serve clients ethically., 
In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to 
customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on 
improving firms' efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their 
legal professions. America should follow 
26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to 
[A] the growing demand from clients. 
[B] the increasing pressure of inflation. 
[C] the prospect of working in big firms. 
[D] the attraction of financial rewards. 
27. Which of the following adds to the costs oflegal education in most American states? 
[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies. 
[B] Admissions approval from the bar association. 
[C] Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major. 
[D] Receiving training by professional associations. 
28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from 
[A] lawyers' and clients' strong resistance. 
[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession. 
[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers. 
[D] non-professionals' sharp criticism. 
29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered "restrictive" pattly because it 
[A] bans outsiders' involvement in the profession. 
[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares. 
[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade. 
[D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits. 
30. In this text, the author mainly discusses 
37 
y 
38 
v 
[A] flawed ownership of America's law firms and causes. 
[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in American. 
[C] a problem in America's legal profession and solutions to it. 
[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America's legal education. 
~=· f*J~ffB~ 
j}l-1l ___ _ 
Text 1 
Directions: 
Read the following text and answer questions by finding information from the right column that 
corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the left 
column. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) 
The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to 
address a looming hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to 
think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, com and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two 
years, and oil prices have more than tripled since the start of 2004. These food-price increases combined with 
soaring energy costs will slow ,if not stop, economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine 
political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina 
Faso. Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist, but we'll have to stmt thinking ahead and acting 
globally. 
The crisis has its roots in four interlinked trends. The first is the chronically low productivity of farmers in 
the poorest countries, caused by their inability to pay for seeds, fertilizers and irrigation. The second is the 
misguided policy in the U. S. and Europe of subsidizing the diversion of food crops to produce biofuels like 
corn-based ethanol. The third is climate change; take the recent droughts in Australia and Europe, which cut the 
global production of grain in 2005 and 2006. The fourth is the growing global demand for food and feed grains 
brought on by swelling populations and incomes. In short, rising demand has hit a limited supply, with the poor 
taking the hardest blow. 
So, what should be done? Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert the potential for a global 
disaster. The first is to scale-up the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-prone country in southern Africa, 
which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and high-yield seeds. Malawi's 
harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per 
person annually in the rich world, or$10 billion in all. Such a fund could fight hunger as effectively as the Global 
Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria is controlling those diseases. 
Second, the U. S. and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing the conversion of food into 
biofuels. The U. S. government gives fanners a taxpayer-financed subsidy of 51 cents per gal of ethanol to divert 
corn from the food and feed-grain supply. There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not 
produce foods- tree crops (like palm oil) , grasses and wood products-but there's no case for doling out subsidies 
to put the world's dinner into the gas tank. Third, we urgently need to weatherproof the world's crops as soon and 
as effectively as possible. For a poor fanner, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond-which collects 
rainwater to be used for emergency irrigation in a dry spell-can make the difference between a bountiful crop and 
a famine. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions 
climate-proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet acted upon the 
promise. 
[A] poor countries 
41. Anti-hunger campaigns are successful in [B] all the world 
42. Production ofbiofuels are subsidized in [C) the Climate Adaptation Fund 
43. Protest riots occurred in 
[D] the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, 
TB and Malaria 
44. The efforts were not so successful with [E] Bangladesh 
45. Food shortage become more serious in [F] Malawi 
[G) the US and Europe 
Text2 
We are living in one of those periods in human history which are marked by revolutionary changes in all of 
man's ideas and values. It is a time when every one of us must look within himself to find what ideas, what 
beliefs, and what ideals each of us will live by. And unless we fmd these ideals, and unless we stand by them 
firmly, we have no power to overcome the crisis in which we in our world find ourselves. 
I believe in people, in sheer, unadulterated humanity. I believe in listening to what people have to say, in 
helping them to achieve the things which they want and the things which they need. Naturally, there are people 
who behave like beasts, who kill, who cheat, who lie and who destroy. But without a belief in man and a faith in 
his possibilities for the future, there can be no hope for the future, but only bitterness that the past has gone. I 
believe we must, each of us, make a philosophy by which we can live. There are people who make a philosophy 
out of believing in nothing. They say there is no truth, that goodness is simply cleverness in disguising your own 
selfishness. They say that life is simply the short gap in between an unpleasant birth and an inevitable death. 
There are others who say that man is born into evil and sinfulness and that life is a process of purification 
through suffering and that death is the reward for having suffered. 
39 
40 
~ 
I believe these philosophies are false. The most important thing in life is the way it is lived, and there is no 
such thing as an abstract happiness, an abstract goodness or morality, or an abstract anything, except in terms of 
the person who believes and who acts. There is only the single human being who lives and who, through every 
· moment of his own personal living experience, is being happy or unhappy, noble or base, wise or unwise, or 
simply existing. 
The question is: How can these individual moments of human experience be filled with the richness of a 
philosophy which can sustain the individual in his own life? Unless we give part of ourselves away, unless we 
can live with other people and understand them and help them, we are missing the most essential part of our own 
human lives. 
There are as many roads to the attainment of wisdom and goodness as there are people who undertake to 
walk them. There are as many solid truths on which we can stand as there are people who can search them out 
and who will stand on them. There are as many ideas and ideals as there are men of good will who will hold 
them in their minds and act them in their lives. 
[A] listening to people's opinions 
41. We are living in a period of [B] revolutionary changes 
42. The author believes in [C) being happy or unhappy 
43. People who believes in nothing regard life [D] the way it is lived 
44. The most important thing in life is [E] we give part of ourselves away 
45. We are missing the most essential part of [F] many roads to the attainment of 
our own human lives unless wisdom 
[G] as a short gap between birth and 
death 
m=-=w 
[A] Follow on Lines 
[ B] Whisper: Keep It to Yourself 
[C) Word of Experience • Stick to It 
[D] Code of Success: Freed and Targeted 
[E] Efficient Work to Promote Efficient Workers 
[ F] Recipe: Simplicity Means Everything 
[G] Efficiency Comes from Order 
-----
Textt 
Every decade has its defining self-help business book. In the 1940s it was How to Win Friends and 
Influence People, in the 1990s The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People. These days we're worried about 
something much simpler.* Getting Things Done. 
41. ________ _ 
That's the title of productivity guru David Allen' pithy 2001 treatise on working efficiently, which continues 
to resonate in this decade' overworked, overwhelmed, overteched workplace. Allen hasn't just sold 500,000 
copies of his book. He has preached his message of focus, discipline and creativity everywhere from Sony and 
Novartis to the World Bank and the U. S. Air Force. He counsels swamped chief executives on coping with 
information overload. He ministers to some clients with an intensive, two-day, $6,000 private session in which 
he and his team organize their lives from top to bottom. And he has won the devotion of acolytes who document 
on their blogs how his Getting Things Done (GTD) program has changed their lives. 
42. ________ _ 
Allen admits that much of his basic recipe is common sense. Free your mind, and productivity will follow. Break 
down projects and goals into discrete, definable actions, and you won' be bothered by all those loose threads 
pulling at your attention. First make decisions about what needs to 
get done, and then fashion a plan for doing it. If you've cataloged everything you have to do and all your 
long-term goals, Allen says, you're less likely to wake up at 3 a. m. worrying about whether you've forgotten 
something: " Most people haven't realized how out of control their head is when they get 300 e-mails a day and 
each of them has potential meaning. " 
43. ________ _ 
When e-mails, phone calls and to-do lists are truly under control, Allen says, the real change begins. You 
will finally be able to use your mind to dream up great ideas and enjoy your life rather than just occupy it with all 
the things you've got to do. Allen himself, despite running a $5. 5 million consulting practice, traveling 200 days 
a year and juggling a business that's growing 40% every year, finds time to joyride in his Mini Cooper and sculpt 
bonsai plants. Oh, and he has earned his black belt in karate. 
44. ________ _ 
Few companies have embraced Allen's philosophy as thoroughly as General Mills, the Minnesota-based 
maker of Cheerios and Lucky Charms. Allen began at the company with a couple of private coaching sessions 
for top executives, who raved about his guidance. Allen and his staff now hold six to eight two-day training 
sessions a year. The company has already put 
more than 2,000 employees through GID training and plans to expand it company-wide. "Fads come and go," 
says Kevin Wilde, General Mills' CEO, "but this continues to work. " 
45. _______ _ 
The most fevered followers of Allen's organizational methodology gather online. Websites like gtdindex. 
41 
42 
y 
marvelz. com parse Allen's every utterance. The 43Folders blog ran an eight-part pod-cast interview with him. 
GTD enthusiasts like Frank Meeuwsen, on whatsthenextaction.com gather best practice techniques for 
implementing the book's ideas. More than 60 software tools have been built specifically to supplement Allen's 
system. 
Text 2 
A. Set a Good Example for Your Kids 
B. Build Your Kids' Work Skills 
C. Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities 
D. Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis 
E. Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies 
F. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are 
G. Build Your Kids' Sense of Responsibility 
Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job's 
starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult's need for rapid content, the transition from school to 
work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my 
book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call "work-life unreadiness": 
41. 
You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and 
weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or 
collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers 
that will fit them best. 
42 .. ____ _ 
Kids need a range of authentic role models-as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted 
athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. 
Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own 
future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying "I have no idea." They can 
change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good. 
43. _____ _ 
Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how 
to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage 
teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective 
organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities. 
44. 
Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter 
only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the 
same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other 
endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make 
it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs. 
45. _____ _ 
They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn 
how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can 
help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations. 
What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through 
early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to 
come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently 
interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring 
options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family 
that appreciates them. 
01 
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely --though by no means uniformly 
--glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of 
fulfillment and opportunity for all. 
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats 
facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume 
that humanity has little future to look forward to. 
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for 
millions of years -- so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and 
it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of 
years. According to the IUCN, there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline. ( 157 
words) 
In the film The DE!Vil Wears Prada, Priestly scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion 
doesn't affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descended over the years 
from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her 
garment. 
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn't be more out of date or at odds with the feverish 
world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline's three-year condemnation of "fast fashion". In the last decade, 
advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand 
43 
44 
y 
more precisely. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable and to renew their 
wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, these brands have hijacked fashion 
cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. ( 158 words) 
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