概要信息：

GB/T 17228 门998
前 言
    本标准根据GB 1. 6-88《标准化工作导则 术语标准的编写规定》等制定。
    本标准的选词范围以能筱盖本专业主要的基本术语为主，测绘通用术语和基本地质术语仅收录与
本专业关系密切的基本词和常用词，并注意术语本身的现代性。在测绘通用术语的选择上尽量与GB/T
14911-1994(测绘基本术语》和GB/T 14950-1994《摄影测量与遥感术语》相协调，相同术语的定义尽
量等同或等效，同时又保持本标准的相对独立性和完整性。
    本标准从1998年9月1日起实施、生效。
    本标准的附录A,附录B都是提示的附录
    本标准由中华人民共和国地质矿产部提出。
    本标准由全国地质矿产标准化委员会归口。
    本标准由西安工程学院测量工程系负责起草。
    本标准主要起草人:田青文、杨志强、栗卫东、狄方贤、何现
中华人民共和国国家标准
地 质 矿 产勘 查 测 绘 术语 GB/T 17228一1998
Terminology of surve
for prospecting to geology
ying and mapping
and mineral resources
飞 范围
本标准规定了地矿测绘学科基本的和常用的术语及其定义，并附有英文对应词和中英文索引
本标准适用于地矿测绘学科及相关学科的标准制定、技术文件编制、教材和书刊及文献的编写。
2 测绘通用术语
2. 1 测绘学 Surveying and Mapping;SM
    研究对地球整体及其表面和外层空间中的各种自然和人造物体上与地理及空间分布有关的信息
      进行采集、处理、管理 更新和利用的科学和技术。其学科内容主要有大地测量学、摄影测量与遥感
    学、地图学、工程测量学、矿山测量学、海洋测量学、土地信息学和地理信息学等。测绘学的服务范
    围和对象是国民经济和国防建设中与利用空间信息有关的各个领域
2.2大地测量学 geodesy
      研究和确定地球形状，大小、重力场及其整体与局部运动和地表面点的几何位置以及它们的各种
    动态变化的理论和技术的学科。
2.2. 1大地原点 geodetic origin
      大地坐标计算的起算点
2.2.2水准原点 leveling origin
        高程起算的水准基准点
2.2.3 1954年北京坐标系 Beijing Geodetic Coordinate System 1954
        1954年我国决定采用的国家大地坐标系。它是将我国的大地网与原苏联以普尔科沃为原点的
        1942年大地坐标系相联测，以1956年黄海高程系统作为高程基准，通过天文大地网局部平差
        而建立的我国过渡性大地坐标系。
2.2.4 1980国家大地坐标系 National Geodetic Coordinate System 1980
        采用1975国际椭球、以JYD 1968.。系统为椭球定向基准，选用陕西径阳县永乐镇为大地原点
        所在地，采用多点定位方法而建立的大地坐标系。
        同义词:1980西安坐标系 Xi'an Coordinate System 1980
2.2.5  1956年黄海高程系统 Huanghai Height Datum 1956
        采用青岛水准原点、根据青岛验潮站1950--1956年的验潮资料计算确定的黄海平均海水面作
        为基准面所定义的国家高程基准。在此高程基准下，青岛水准原点的高程为72. 289 m
2.2. 6 1985国家高程基准 National Height Datum 1985
        采用青岛水准原点、根据青岛验潮站1952̂-1979年验潮资料计算确定的黄海平均海水面作为
        基准面所定义的高程基准 在此高程基准F，青岛水准原点的高程为72. 260m
国家技术监督局1998一02一13批准 1998一09一01实施
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GB/T 17228一1998
2.2.7 高程系统 height system
      相对于不同起算面(大地水准面、似人地水准面、地球椭球面等)所定义的高程体系
2.2.8大地坐标系 geodetic coordinate system
        以地球椭球中心为原点，以大地赤道面和起始大地子午面为起算面的地球坐标系
2.2. 9地心坐标系 geocentric coordinate system
        以地球质心或几何中心为原点的大地坐标系
2.2门0 高斯平面坐标系 Gauss Plane Coordinate System
        根据高斯一克吕格投影所建立的平面直角坐标系，各投影带的原点是该带中央子午线与赤道的
        交点,x轴正方向为该带中央子午线北方向，y轴正方向为赤道投影的东方向。
2. 2. 11地方坐标系 local coordinate system
        局部地区建立平面控制网时，根据需要投影到任意选定的平面上和(或)采用地方子午线为中
        央子午线的一种平面直角坐标系
2.2.12独立坐标系 independent coordinate system
        任意选定原点和坐标轴的平面直角坐标系
2.2.13 大地测量 geodetic survey
        测定地球形状、大小、重力场及其变化和建立地区以至全球的三维控制网的技术。
2.2.14 大地天文测量 geodetic astronomy
        使用仪器对天体进行观测来测定地面点的经度、纬度和方位角的大地测量。
2.2.15空,H7大地测量 space geodesy
        利用激光技术、空间技术等现代技术手段，观测人造或自然天体，在全球或区域范围内进行的
          高精度大地测量。
2.2.18卫星大地测量 satelite geodesy
        利用人造地球卫星进行地面点定位以及测定地球形状、大小和地球重力场的大地测量。
2. 2.17 甚长基线干涉Al量 Very Long Baseline Interferometry;VLBI
        利用电磁波干涉原理，在多个测站上同步接收河外射电源(类星体)发射的无线电信号，并对信
        号进行测站问时间延迟干涉处理，以测定测站间相对位置以及测站到射电源方向的测量技术
        和方法
2.2.18 卫星激光测距 Satelite Laser Ranging;SLR
        利用安置在地面站的卫星激光测距仪跟踪观测装有激光反射棱镜的卫星，以测定测站到卫星
          的距离的测量技术和方法。
2. 3控制791量 control survey
      在 一定区域内，为地形测量和工程测量建立控制网所进行的测量工作。其中包括为测定控制点的
      平面坐标值所进行的平面控制测量和为测定控制点的高程值所进行的高程控制测量，或为测定控
      制点三维坐标值所进行的二维控制测量.
2.3. 1三角测量 triangulation
        在地面上选定一系列点构成连续三角形，测定各二角形顶点处的水平角，再根据起始边边长与
        方位角和起始点坐标来推求各三角形顶点平面坐标的测量技术和方法。
2.3.2 三边测量 trilateration
        在地面上选定一系列点构成连续三角形，测定三角形的边长，再根据起始点坐标和起始方位角
        来推求各三角形顶点平面坐标的测量技术和方法
2.3.3边角测量 triangulateration
        综合应用三角测量和三边测量来推求各三角形顶点平面坐标的测量技术和方法。
2. 3.4 导线坝1量 traverse survey
      !t
GB; T 17228一1998
      将一系列测点依相邻次序连接成折线形式，依次测定各折线边的长度、转折角，再根据起始数据
        以推求各待定测点的平面坐标的测量技术和方法
2.3. 5交会测量 intersection survey
        根据多个已知点的平面坐标(或高程)，通过测定已知点到某未知点的方向或汗口)距离(或测定
        其高度角或天顶距)，以推求该未知点平面坐标(或高程)的测量技术和方法
2.3.6高程测量 vertical survey
        确定地面点高程的测量技术和方法。主要方法有:水准测量、三角高程测量、气压高程测量及流
        体静力水准测量和GPs高程测量等〔
2.3.7水准测量 leveling
        利用水准仪提供的水平视线，在竖立于两点上的水准标尺上进行读数，以测定两点间高差.进丽
        根据已知点高程推求待定点高程的测量技术和方法
2.3.8 三角高程测量 trigonometric leveling
        通过测定两点间直线的高度角或天顶距以及仪器高和日标高，再根据两点间的已知水平距离
        (普通三角高程测量时)或用电磁波测距仪测得的斜距(电磁波测距三角高程测量时)，利用止角
        公式推求两地面点间高差，进而根据已知点高程推求待定点高程的测量技术和方法
2.3.9 电磁波测距 Electro-magnetic Distance Measurement;EDM
        以直接或间接方式测量电磁波在待测距离两端点间往返的传播时间来推求两点间距离的测量
        技术
2.3.10 光电测距 electro-optical distance measurement
        利用波长为400nm-1 000 m 的光波作为载波的电磁波测距
2. 3.11 微波测距 microwave distance measurement
        利用波长为。. 8cm-10 cm的微波作为载波的电磁波测距。
2.4  ;J }1量平差 survey adjustment of observation
      根据某种估计原理利用数学方法处理各种测量数据以推求测量值和参数的最佳估值并进行精度
      估计的理论和方法
2.4.1精度估计 precision estimation
        以某一统计特征值作为尺度，对测量值、测量值的平差值、未知参数的平差值及其函数值的精度
        进行估算的过程和方法。
2.4.2 随机误差 random error
        在相同测量条件下的测量值序列中，各测量值的测量误差的数值、符号具有不确定性，但又服从
        一定统计规律的测量误差。
        同义词:偶然误差 accident eror
2.4.3 系统误差 systematic eror
        在相同测量条件下的测量值序列中，各测量值的测量误差的数值、符号保持不变或按某确定规
        律变化的测量误差。
2.4.4 粗差 grass eror
        在相同测量条件下的测量值序列中，绝对值超过限差的测量误差
  2.4. 5 限差 、olerance
        在一定的测量条件下，规定的测量误差绝对值的最大容许值。
  2.4.6 相对误差 relative error
        测量误差的绝对值与其相应的测量值之比
  2A.7 中误差 mean square eror
        在一定的观测条件下.观测量的各个观测值的真误差的平方和的平均数的平方根 以此作为在
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GB/T 17228一1998
        该测量条件下衡量测量精度的 一种数值指标
2.4.8误差椭圆 eror elipse
      描述待定点点位在各个方向上误差分布规律的椭圆
2.4. 9精密度 precision
        在一定测量条件下，对某一量的多次测量中，各测量值间的离散程度
2.4.10准确度 accuracy
        在一定测量条件下，对某一量的多次测量中，测量值的估值相对其真值的偏离程度
2.4. 11直接平差 direct adjustment
        根据对同一个量多次直接观测的结果按最小二乘原理求出测量值和参数最佳估值并进行精度
        估1十的平差力一法。
2.4.12 参数平差 parameter adjustment
        借助测量值与未知参数间所建立的观测方程按最小二乘原理求出测量值和参数的最佳估值并
        进行精度估计的平差方法。
        1a1义词:间接平差 indirect adjustmetn,
2.4.13条件平差 condition adjustment
        借助各测量值构成的几何条件、测量值与已知值之间构成的附合条件和参数的约束条件所建
        立的条件方程，按最小二乘原理求出测量值和参数的最佳估值并进行精度估计的平差方法
2.4. 14等权代替法 method of equal-weight substitution
        应用观测权的转化关系将由多个已知点出发对同一结点的各条路线合并为一条虚拟的等权路
        线，化多结点为单结点，最后求得各结点测量值的最佳估值及其权的平差方法。
2. 5普通测量学 elementary surveying
      研究地球表面较小区域内测绘工作的基本理论、技术方法及其应用的学科。主要内容有图根控制
      网的建立和地形图的测绘
2.5.1水平角 horizontal angle
        测站点至两目标点的方向线铅垂投影到水平面上所成的角
2. 5.2高度角 altitude angle
        测站点至目标点的方向线与水平面间的夹角。
2.5.3天顶距 zenith distance
        从测站点铅垂线向上方向沿地平经度圈量度到观测目标的方向线的夹角
2. 5.4图根控制测量 mapping control survey
        直接为地形测图需要而在高级控制点之间进行控制点加密的控制测量工作。
2. 5. 5碎部测量 detail survey
        用平板仪或其它测图仪器，根据图根控制点对地物、地貌等的特征点进行测定，并对照实地以相
        应的地图符号绘制成地形图的测量工作。
2.5.6平板仪测量 plane-table survey
        用平板仪按图解的方法加密图根控制点和测绘地形图的方法和过程。
2. 5. 7地形 topography
        地物和地貌的总称。
2. 5.8地物 detail
        地球表面上相对固定的物体。可分为天然地物和人工地物。如:居民地、道路、水系、独立物、境
        界、管线垣栅和土质与植被等
2.5.9 地貌 relief
        由于地球内外营力的作用以及人类改造自然等因素而使地球表面呈现出的各种高低起伏形态
Gs/T 17228一1998
        的统称
2.5门0 等高线 contour line
        地图上地面高程相等的各相邻点所连成的曲线 包括:按规定等高距描绘的a曲线，为判读和
        计数方便而每隔四条(或三条)基本等高线被加粗描绘的计曲线，为反映微型地貌而在基本等
        高线之间加绘的间曲线和助曲线
2.5.11地形图 topographical map
        以较大的比例尺和较详细的程度表示地物、地貌平面位置及基本的地理要素且高程用等高线
        配合地貌符号表示的一种普通地图
2.6工程测量学 engineering surveying
      研究工程建设和资源开发中的勘查、设计、施工和管理各个阶段进行的控制测量、地形测量、施仁
      测量、竣工测量、变形监测及建立相应信息系统的理论和技术的学科。
2.6.1  z程控制网 engineering control network
        为工程建设而布设的测量控制网。包括测图控制网、施工控制网和变形监测控制网
2.6.2 施工坐标系 constructional coordinate system
        供工程建筑物施工放样用的一种平面直角坐标系 为便于建筑物的施工放样，通常使施工坐标
        系的坐标轴与建筑物主轴线相一致或平行
2.6.3线路测量 route survey
        铁路、公路、索道、输电线路及管道等线形工程在勘测设计、施工和管理各个阶段所进行的测量
        工作。
2.6.4建筑1#}m9量 building works survey
        为建筑物(或构筑物)的设计、施工和设备安装、竣工验收等所进行的测量上作。包括 为总平面
        图设计而进行的各种测量工作，建筑格网的建立，建筑物轴线的测设，建筑物、设备的放样和安
        装测量，施工检核测量，竣工总平面图的实测与编绘，以及建筑物的变形观测等。
2.6.5 矿山测量 mining survey
        在矿山建设和采矿过程中，为矿山的勘探、设计、建设和运营管理以及矿山报废等所进行的测绘
        工作。主要包括:矿图的测绘，矿山施工测量，地表移动观测和矿体几何图绘制等。
2.6.6水利工程测量 hydrographic engineering survey
        为水利工程的规划、勘测设计、施工安装和运营管理等所进行的测量工作。包括:施工区的地形
        图的测绘，水利工程施工测量，水工建筑物状态变化和工作情况的监视以及变形观测等
2.6. 7 施工41,}量 constructional survey
        各种工程在施工阶段所进行的测量工作。包括:施工控制网的建立，工程建筑物或构筑物的施工
        放样，工程竣工测量，以及施工期间的变形观测
2.6.8竣工测量 finish construction survey
        在建筑物和构筑物竣工验收时，为获得工程建成后的各建筑物或构筑物及地「管网的平面位置
        和高程等资料而进行的测量工作
2.6.9 变形观测 deformation observation
        为监测建筑物及其地基或一定范围内岩体、土体在建筑物荷重和外力作用下随时间而变形的量
        值、方向和规律而进行的测量工作 包括:测定建筑物上一些点的高程或一定范围内地面高程随
        时间而变化的沉降观测，测定建筑物平面位置随时间而移动的位移观测，测定建筑物倾斜度随
        时间而变化的倾斜观测，测定建筑物裂缝发展情况的裂缝观测，以及测定建筑物构件受力后产
        生弯曲变形的挠度观测
  2.6.10纵断面测量 profile survey
          为测定线形工程中线上各桩高程而进行的测量上作。其成果供绘制纵断面图和确定设计坡度
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  尸 —
GB/T 17228 -1998
          之用
2.6-11横断面测量 cross-section survey
        对中桩处垂直于线形工程中线方向的地面为测定其高低起伏所进行的测量工作 其成果主要
        用于绘制横断面图和估算土石方量。
2.6. 12 纵断面图 longitudinal profile
        表示线形工程中线方向地面高低起伏的剖面图
2.6.13 横断面图 cross-section profile
        表示中桩处垂直于线路中线方向地面起伏的剖面图。
2.6. 14 竣工总平面图 general plan of finish construction
        综合反映工程建筑区竣工后的主体工程及其附属工程和设备实际平面位置和高程的图件。根
        据竣工测量成果编绘
2.7摄影测量与遥感学 photogrammetry and remote sensing
      研究利用电磁波传感器获取目标物的影像数据，从中提取语义和非语义信息，用以测定目标物的
      形状、大小、空间位置，判释其性质及相互关系，并用图形、图像和数字形式予以表达的理论和技术
      的学科
2.7.1摄影测量 photogrammetry
        利用摄影影像信息测定目标物的形状、大小、空间位置、性质和相互关系的科学技术
2.7.2航空摄影测量 aerophotogrammetry
        利用航摄仪从飞机、直升机、飞艇、气球等航空飞行器上所拍摄的航摄像片进行的摄影测量。
2.7. 3航天摄影测量 space photogrammetry
        利用人造卫星、宇宙飞船、航天飞机和轨道空间站等航天飞行器从地球大气层以外的宇宙空间
        对星球(主要是地球)所获得的摄影影像信息进行的摄影测量。
2.7.4 地面摄影测量 terrestrial photogrammetry
        利用安置在地面摄影站上的地面摄影机摄得的地面目标物的像片对所摄目标进行的摄影测量
2.7.5近景摄影M量 close-range photogrammetry
        利用对物距不大于300 m的目标物摄取的立体像对所进行的摄影测量。
2.7.6 像片纠正 photo rectification
      将航摄像片通过投影变换去消除像片倾斜所引起的像点位移，以获得规定比例尺的水平像片或
        线划图的作业过程。
2.7.7像片判读 photo interpretation
        根据地物的光谱特性、空间特性、时间特性和成像规律，判释出与像片影像相应的地物的类别、
        特性和某些要素或测算出某种数据指标的作业过程
2.7.8像片调绘 :dentified photograph
        利用像片在现场或在室内参照野外典型调查所获得的样片和各种资料，根据影像比较与对照进
        行判读，将在地图上需要表示的地貌和地物要素描绘和注记在像片上的作业过程.
2.7.9 空中三角测量 aero triangulation
        利用航摄像片与所摄目标之间的空间几何关系，根据少量像片控制点，计算待求点平面位置、高
        程和像片外方位元素的控制网加密测量方法
2.1.10 模拟摄影测量 analog photogrammetry
        根据摄影测量获取的像片，按光学机械投影原理，利用模拟测图仪器进行的摄影测量
2.7.11解析摄影测量 analytical photogrammetry
        根据摄影测量与遥感获取的像片或图像，按像点与相应地面点间的数学关系，借助计算机用数
          学解算方法进行的摄影测量。
GB/T 17228一1998
2.7.12数字摄影测量 digital photogrammetry
        利用摄影测量与遥感获取的数字影像，经计算机处理获得被摄物体在三维空间中的语义和非
        语义信息的摄影测量。
2.7.13 数字地面模型 Digital Terain Model;DTM
        表示地面起伏形态的一系列离散点或规则点的坐标和高程数值的集合
2.7.14遥感 Remote Sensing;RS
        利用光学、电子和电子光学的传感器，在不与被测物体直接接触的高空或远距离处，接收物体
        辐射或反射的电磁波信息，应用信息处理技术对其加工处理使其成为能被识别的图像或数据，
        经过分析判读揭示出被测物体的几何和物理特性、相互关系及其变化规律的现代科学技术
2.7.15陆地卫星 landsat
        美国为进行地球资源调查而发射的 一种利用星载遥感器获取地球表面图像及数据的人造地球
          卫星
        同义词:地球资源卫星 earth resource technology satelite
2. 7. 16遥感图像处理 image processing of remote sensing
        运用光学、电子光学、数字处理方法，对遥感获得的图像进行图像数字化、复原、儿何校正、增
        强、统计分析和信息提取、分类、识别等图像加工的技术过程
2.7.17遥感模式识别 patern recognition of remote sensing
        采用光学和数字处理的手段，通过一系列运算和处理，用代表某种特征的模式对遥感图像数据
        进行区分、计数、定位、分类和解释的技术
2.7.18 微波遥感 microwave remote sensing technology
        遥感器工作波段选择在微波波段范围之内的遥感。
2. 7.19光学遥感 optical remote sensing technology
        遥感器工作波段选择在光波波段范围之内的遥感。
2. 7.20假彩色合成图像 false colour composite imagery
        经多光谱图像彩色合成或彩红外摄影而形成的与景物原有的天然颜色不同的彩色图像
2.a地图制图学 cartography
      研究地图信息的传输、空间知识、投影原理、制图综合和地图的设计、编制、复制、应用以及建立地
      图数据库等的理论和技术的学科
    同义词:地图学 cartology
2.8. 1地图 map
        按一定的数学法则，运用符号系统，以图形或数字的形式表示具有空间分布的自然和社会现象
        的载体。
2.8.2普通地图 general map
        综合反映地表基本的自然地理和人文地理要素一般特征的地图
2. 8.3专题地图 thematic map
        着重表示自然或社会现象中的某一种或儿种要素，即集中表现某种主题内容的地图
2.8.4 平面图 plan
        只衣示小范围内地物要素及其平面位置，而不表示地面起伏形态的地图。
2.8.5影像地图 photomap
        以航空或航夭遥感影像为基础，经过几何纠正，配合以线划和少量注记，综合表示制图对象的地
        图。
2. 8. 6 数字地图 digital map
        以数字形式存贮在磁带、磁盘、光盘等介质上的地图
标准分享网 www.bzfxw.com 免费下载
GB/T 17228  1998
2.8.7 地图生产 map production
        地图制作和复制的i I-划安排、技术设计、生产实施和质量管理等的全过程
2.8.8 地图投影 map projection
        按一定数学法则，把地球椭球面上的点、线投影到地图平面上，以建立起椭球面卜的点与地图平
        面上的点间函数关系的理论和方法
2,8.9 制M综合 。artographic generalization
        在编绘地图时对地图内容按照 一定的规律和法则进行选取和概括，使其能反映制图对象的基本
        特征和典型特点及其内在联系的制图原则、方法和过程
2.8.10 地图编绘 map compilation
        利用已有地图及有关资料，按照编辑设计文件要求，编制编绘原图的技术过程。
2.8. 11地图清绘 map fairdrawing
        将实测原图或编绘原图按照图式、规范和编辑要求进行线划注记的整饰，得到图面质量符合出
        版要求的印刷原图的作业过程。
2.8-12 地图评价 map evaluation
        根据科学性、思想性、实用性与艺术性标准，对地图的完备性、现时性、精确性、正确性以及地图
        设计、编绘和印刷工艺等进行综合分析、评定的理论、方法和过程
2.8.13 机助地图制图 Computer Assisted Cartography;CAC
        利用计算机及外围设备和自动制图软件，对地图信息进行采集、存贮、处理、管理、显示、绘图和
          制版的原理、技术和方法。
2. 9地理信息系统 Geographical Information System;GIS
      在计算机软硬件支持下，运用系统工程和信息科学理论，为提供规划、管理、决策和研究所需信息
      而对具有空间内涵的地理数据进行科学管理和综合分析的技术系统。
2.9.1土地信息系统 Land Information System;L工S
        在计算机软硬件支持下，把各种土地地理信息按照空间分布及属性，以一定的格式输入、处理、
        管理、空间分析、输出的技术系统
2.9.2 环境资源信息系统 environmental resources information system
        在计算机软硬件支持「，把环境资源信息按照空间分布及属性，以一定的格式输入、处理、管理、
        空间分析、输出的技术系统
2. 10 测绘仪器 instrument of surveying and mapping
        为测绘作业设计制造的数据采集、处理、输出等的仪器和装置。
2.10.1大地M1量仪器 geodetic instrument
        用干在野外测定地面点空间位置、地球重力场及其变化的测绘仪器
2门0. 2 重力仪 gravimeter
          通过测定重力加速度来测定地球上某点绝对重力或两点间重力差的测绘仪器
2.10. 3 经纬仪 theodolite
          在测量工作中主要用于测定水平角和竖直角的测绘仪器
2.10. 4 光学经纬仪 optical theodolite
          水平度盘和竖直度盘均用光学玻璃制成，具有光学读数装置的经纬仪。
2.10.5 电f经纬仪 electronic theodolite
          利用光电技术测角，带有角度数字显示和进行数据自动归算及存贮装置的经纬仪
2.10. 6 激光经纬仪 laser theodolite
        带有激光指向装置的经纬仪 它是将激光器发射的激光束导入经纬仪望远镜筒内，使其沿着视
          准轴方向射出，以此为准进行定线、定位和测设角度、坡度，以及大型构件装配和划线放样等。
GB/T 17228一1998
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陀螺经纬仪 gyro theodilite
带有陀螺装置、用以测定真方位角的经纬仪
矿山经纬仪 mining theodolite
适用于矿山坑道测量的经纬仪 其特点是:望远镜上面有镜上中心 以便在顶板测气刊些行对
中;带有偏心望远镜以便在急倾坑道测量水平角和竖直角;有悬挂式可用于不便于安置脚架的
坑道内
水准仪 level
用来提供水平视线以测取地面仁两点间高差的测绘仪器亡
  激光水准仪 laser level
  带有激光指向装置的水准仪。它是将激光器发出的激光束导入水准仪的望远镜筒内.使其沿
  视准轴方向射出，用来进行水准测量。
  自动安平水准仪 automatic level
  在一定的竖轴倾斜范围内，利用补偿器自动安平望远镜视准轴的水准仪
  测距仪 distance measuring instrument
  根据光学、声学和电磁波学原理设计制造的、用于距离测量的测绘仪器
  电磁波测距仪 electro-magnetic distance measuring instrument
  利用电磁波作为载波，测出仪器发出的调制信号在仪器与目标(反射镜)之间往返所需的时
  间，以求取其间距离的测距仪。
  全站型电子速测仪 :otal station electronic tacheometer
  利用电子测角、电磁波测距.与具有数字记录和数据处理功能的终端机相结合，兼有测髦和计
  算多种功能的测绘仪器
  激光铅垂仪 laser plummet apparatus
  借助仪器中安置的高灵敏度水准管或水银盘反射系统，将激光束导至铅垂方间用于进行竖向
  准直的一种测绘仪器
  激光准直仪 laser colimator
  由激光器作光源的发射系统和光电接收系统组成，将激光束作定向发射而在空间形成一条光
  束，作为准直的基准线来标定直线的测绘仪器
  激光导向仪 laser guide instrument
  以激光束作为准直线控制施工机械(如掘进机)等前进方向的仪器。
  摄影测量仪器 photogrammetric instrument
  按照摄影测量的要求获取目标物电磁波影像信息或利用电磁波影像信息来测定目标物形状、
  大小、空间位置、性质和相互关系的测绘仪器。
  模拟立体测图仪 analogue ploter
  以摄影过程几何反转原理为基础，模拟摄影时空间光束的几何关系，建立与被摄物休相似的
  几何模型，并通过立体观测而对模型进行测图或空中三角测量的摄影测量仪器
  解析测图仪 analytical ploter
  按解析原理设计、由计算机实时解析计算、伺服反馈系统实时控制像片盘运动，以建立像点坐
  标与模型点坐标的数字投影关系，据此进行立体量测和测图，其图形数据可被记录、存贮、处
  理或绘图输出的精密摄影测量仪器口
  数字A1.(图仪 digital ploter
  通过将地面立体模型或像片影像灰度进行数字化，然后再进行测图的精密摄影测量仪器
  数字摄影测量S作站 digital photogrammetric station
  按照摄影测量原理，将数字影像作为输入，以交互和自动方式进行摄影测量处理和输出的计
标准分享网 www.bzfxw.com 免费下载
Ga/r 17228 门998
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算机硬、软件系统 该系统具有高精度、人容量、高处理速度、高显示分辨率、良好的用户界面、
具有较强功能的网络硬、软件及外围设备，且具有对用户开放的特性 它是从物体的二维数字
影像中生成GIS/CAI〕的输入信息和摄影侧量产品的专用软件和通用计算机及其外围设备
的结合
定位系统 positioning system
用来确定载体或待定位点空间位置的系列技术装置之通称
导航星全球定位系统 NAVSTAR Global Positioning System;NAVSTAR GPS
美国国防部研制的、用于在全球范围内进行全天候空间定位、导航和授时的系统
惯性测量系统 Inertial Surveying System;ISS
利用陀螺仪、加速度计等惯性敏感元件和计算机组成，用以确定运载体的空间位置和姿态以
及地球重力场参数等的组合系统
跟踪数字化仪 tracking digitizer
根据电磁感应原理，采用跟踪器(发信线圈)跟踪图形轮廓的作业方式，将图形转换成数字形
式的图形输入装置
扫描数字化仪 scan digitizer
根据光电转化原理，采用扫描作业方式，将图形和图像转化成数字形式的图形自动输入装置c
自动绘图机 automatic ploter
在计算机控制下，将设定的图形数据以跟踪方式或扫描方式进行图形输出的绘图机
求积仪 planimeter
用于测量平面图形面积的仪器。包括机械求积仪和电子求积仪
缩放仪 pantograph
根据相似变换原理，将图形按比例缩小或放大的一种图形转绘仪器。
3 地质矿产勘变测绘通论
3.1地质矿产勘查钡Ij绘 ，urveying and mapping for prospecting to geology and mineral resoures
      为进行地质矿产的勘查和勘查成果图件的编制所涉及的全部测绘工作。其内容主要包括;矿区控
    制测量+矿区地形测量，勘探网的布测.地质点测量，勘探工程定位测量，地质剖面测量，坑探工程
      测量，井探工程测量，贯通测量，露天矿测量.物化探测量 地表移动观测，以及有关图件的绘制、印
      刷和地质矿产勘查测绘信息系统的建立。
    同义i]:地矿测绘 surveying and mapping for prospecting to geology and mineral resoures
3.2 区域地质调查 regional geological recormaissnce
      在选定的区域范围内，在充分研究和应用已有资料的基础上，采用必要的手段，进行全而系统的综
      合t-的地质调查研究工作 其主要任务是通过地质填图、找矿和综合研究，阐明区域内的岩石、地
      层、构造、地貌、水文地质等基本地质特征及其相互关系，研究矿产的形成条件和分布规律，为经济
      建设、国防建设、科学研究和进一步的地质找矿工作提供基础地质资料。
3.2.1 水文地质勘杳 hydrogeological investigation
        为查明一个地区的地下水形成、分布和变化等水文地质条件，用以解决国民经济各部门的水文
        地质间题，而对地下水及其有关的各种地质作用所进行的勘察研究工作。
3.2.2工程地质勘查 engineering-geological investigation
        为查明建筑地区工程地质条件而进行的综合性地质工作 其目的是通过勘测对建筑地区的工程
        地质问题做出评价，为工程建设的规划、设计及施工提供必要的工程地质图件和文字报告等实
        际资料。
3.2.3水文地质测绘 hydrogeological mapping
    9自
Ga/T 17228一1998
        以一定比例尺的地形地质图为底图进行的对地面地质、地貌、地下水露头及地 卜水有关的各种
      地质现象进行实地观察量测并将其填绘在地形地质底图七的勘察工作
3.2.4 工程地质测绘 engineering-geological mapping
        以一定比例尺的地形地质图为底图进行的、对勘察区的工程地质条件及与其有关的各种地质现
      象进行实地观察量测，并将其填绘在地形地质底图上的勘察工作。
3.2. 5 遥感地质 remote sensing geology
        综合应用现代的遥感技术来研究地质规律、进行地质调查和资源勘察的 1种方法。其主要任务
        是根据航天和航空遥感信息资料、应用遥感分析技术和遥感解译手段，研究地壳演化、区域构
        造、地层分布、岩石类型，进行地质填图，并指导找矿和勘查地下水。
3.2. 6像片地质解释 geological interpretation of photograph
        根据像片的各种影像特征来辨认、分析实际地质体和地质现象的过程
3.2.7地质填图 geological mapping
        在实地观察和分析研究的基础上，或通过在航空像片上进行地质解译并结合地面调查，按 一定
        比例尺将各种地质体及有关地质现象填绘到地理底图之上，再经过编绘而制成地质图的工作过
        程。
3.2.8野外地质图 field geological map
        在地质填图的野外工作阶段，根据实地观察研究所测绘的 一种原始地质图件。它是地质调查_〔
        作野外阶段的主要成果，其内容比较详细，根据实验鉴定资料对其进行补充、修改和经过取舍之
        后，便可编绘出正规的地质图。
3.2.9地质略图 geological scheme
        根据需要由内容比较详细的地质图，经过综合取舍、归并简化而编成的相同比例尺或小于原图
        比例尺的简单地质图
3.2.10地质草图 geological sketch map
        与相同比例尺的正规地质图相比，其精度要求较低，内容比较简略，或侧重表示某些方面地质
        现象的地质图
3.2. 11地质图 geological map
        按一定比例尺和图式，将一定地区内各种地质体(地层、岩体、矿体)及地质现象(断层、褶皱等)
        的分布及其相互关系，垂直投影到同一水平面上，用以反映本地区地壳表层的地质构造特征的
        图件。
3.2.12地质构造图 geological tectonic map
        着重表示地质构造的形态、性质、分布、形成和发展规律的一种广义地质图。
3.2.13水文地质图 hydrogeological map
        反映一个地区地下水分布和特征的图件，是总结和表示水文地质调查成果的主要形式
3.2.14工程地质图 enginering-geological map
        反映和评价地区工程地质条件，分析和预测某些工程地质问题的专门性地质图件。
3.2.15影像地质图 photogeological map
        在遥感影像平面图上，利用遥感资料及其他资料，按规定的符号标绘出各种地质要素和必要的
        地形、地物以及有关的物化探成果，经编绘而制成的一种可供直观分析的、带有影像的地质图
          件
3.2. 16地理底图 geographic base map
        按一定的要求将普通地图的内容经过制图综合，用于在编制专题地图时作为控制和转绘专题
        内容骨架的基础图件
3.2. 17地形底图 topographic base map
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          以地形图作为资料原图经编绘而制成的地理底图。
3.3地质勘探 prospecting
      对矿床普查中发现的有意义的矿床，为查明其位置、产状、品位和储量以及开采利用的技术条件
      为矿山的设计和开采提供可靠的地质资料而进行的各项勘探工作之总称
3.3.1勘探手段 prospecting means
        在矿床勘探时，为了研究矿床地质构造，揭露、追索和圈定矿体.查明矿产的质和量以及了解矿
        床的水文地质和开采条件等所采用的各种工程和技术方法之总称 目前，经常大量采用的勘探
        手段是槽探、钻探、坑探和井探等工程和技术方法。此外，还常配合使用物探、化探等方法
3.3.2地质勘探工程 geological prospecting engineering
        对矿床进行勘探时所布置的各类工程之总称。如浅井、探槽、探坑、剥土、小圆井、坑道、探井、钻
          井等
  3.4 矿产普查 search for mineral deposite
      在一定的地区内。为寻找和评价发展国民经济需要的矿产而进行的地质调查研究工作 其任务包
      括 研究工作地区的地质构造，特别是与成矿形成和分布关系密切的地质条件，预测可能存在矿产
      的有利地段;综合运用有效的技术手段和找矿方法，在有利的地段内进行找矿，并对发现的矿点和
      矿床进行初步的研究，就其地质和经济意义作出评价;在此基础上阐明工作地区的矿产远景，为进
      一步的矿产调查或地质勘探工作提供资料依据
  3.4. 1矿产图 map of mineral deposits
        在地质图上，用规定的图例符号，反映出各种矿产分布、规模、类型、生成时代以及所发现的异常
        和有关找矿标志及其与地质构造之间关系的专题图件
  3. 4. 2 矿产分布图 map of distribution of mineral deposits
        表示已知矿床、矿点、矿化点分布情况的图件。
  3. 5矿床勘探 mineral prospecting
      在矿产普查的基础上或在矿山的建设、生产过程中，为了查明一个矿床的工业价值或保证矿山的
      顺利建设和生产，而进行的调查研究和其它必需工作的总称。它的主要任务是要进一步查明矿床
      (或矿体)赋存的地质条件，探明矿产的质量和数量，了解开采的技术条件，提供矿山建设设计或矿
      山生产所需要的矿产储量、地质和技术经济资料等。
  3.5.1初步勘探 preliminary prospecting
        对初步确定的具有工业意义的矿床，为了给进一步的详细勘探提供依据而进行的调查研究工
        作 其主要任务是查明矿床的赋存条件、规模大小、矿产的质和量，以及开采利用的技术条件，提
        出进一步详细勘探的方向和需要的各种资料。
.3.5.2详细勘探 detailed prospecting
        对国家计划准备开采的矿床或其一部分所进行的比较全面、深入的调查研究工作 其主要任务
        是查明矿山建设范围内矿体总的分布情况、矿体形态及内部结构，研究矿石的物质成份和加工
        技术性能，研究和评价可供综合开采、综合利用的共生矿产和拌生有用成份，研究矿体的水文地
        质条件和开采技术条件等，从而为矿山建设设计提供各种地质和技术资料
  15.3开发勘探 open-up prospecting
        为矿山基本建设的顺利进行和矿山持续正常的生产以及为合理开发和充分利用矿山等目的，对
        矿床所进行的深入研究和探矿工作。其主要任务是为矿山建设和采矿生产提供更加准确、可靠
        的地质资料及矿产储量，探明隐伏矿体，扩大矿床储量.延长矿山寿命
  3.5.4 矿床地质图 geological map of ore deposite
        详细表示矿床或矿区的地形、地层、岩浆岩、构造、矿体、矿化带等基本地质特征及相互关系的图
        件。其用途是说明矿床的赋存地质条件，作为布置勘探工作、评价矿床、进行矿山建设及生产的
      92
GB/T 17228一1998
        基本资料依据。
3.5.5矿区勘探工程分布图 distribution map of prospecting engineering in mining area
      表示矿床勘探矿区各类勘探工程分布位置的图件 其用途是表明勘探工程的总体部署和勘探程
        序，及时反映勘探工作的进度
3.6地质勘探工程测量 geological prospecting engineering survey
      为地质勘探工程的设计、布设、施工和对地质点的定位等所进行的各种专门测量工作 其任务是为
      研究地质构造、进行地质勘探工程的设计，在实地定位定线、指导掘进方向、编制地质报告和储量
      计算等提供资料
3.6.1矿区控制测量 control survey of mining area
        以地质勘探和矿山建设与生产为目的而在矿区内进行的平面控制网和高程控制网的布设以及
        测定控制点的平面坐标和高程的测量工作
3.6.2矿区地形测量 topographic survey of mining area
        以地质勘探和矿山建设与生产为目的而进行的矿区地形图测绘工作。
3.6.3勘探网的布Y>'J layout and survey of prospecting net
        按设计要求的方位和间距计算出勘探网各交叉点的设计坐标，并根据勘探工作的进度，将全部
        或部分勘探网测设于实地以作为勘探工程定位依据的测量工作。
3.6.4地质点测量 geological point survey
        为确定实地选择的地质点点位，并借助于某种测量方法将其测绘到底图上而进行的测量工作
3.6.5勘探工程定位测量 positioning survey of prospecting engineering
        将地图上设计的各类勘探工程测设于实地以指导工程的施工和在工程完成后测定工程点平面
        坐标和高程的测量工作。
3.6.6地质剖面测量 geological profile survey
        按地质要求、沿勘探线或某给定方向进行的剖面测量工作。其目的在于提供勘探设计、工程布
        设、储量计算和综合研究的资料。其内容主要有:确定剖面端点，根据剖面长度设置剖控点和在
        其间设置测站点，在测站点上进行剖面测量，测定剖面方向上工程位置点、地质点、地物点、地貌
        特征点的平面位置和高程，进行剖面计算和绘制剖面图。
3.6.7坑探工程测量 adit prospecting engineering survey
        为勘探坑道的设计、放样、施工以及坑内探矿而进行的各种测量工作。其内容主要有:坑口定向
        点与位置点的测量，坑道定线与定向测量，坑内导线测量、坑道贯通测量以及坑道平面图测量
3.6.8井探工程测量 shaft prospecting engineering survey
        对竖井、斜井等深部掘进探矿工程所进行的测量工作 其内容主要包括:地面控制测量和地形测
        量，井口平面位置和高程位置测量，井内引线、定线和深度测量，通过竖井导入高程测量和竖井
        定向测量，以及贯通测量。
3.6.9贯通测量 through survey
        为指导坑道(或竖井)按设计方向掘进和施工以保证坑道(或并筒)在预定地点准确接通而进行
        的测量工作。其内容主要包括:地面联测，联系测量，地下导线测量和坑道掘进测量。
3.6.10露天矿测量 opencast survey
        在露夭矿的设计和开采阶段，为指导和监督露天矿的剥离、开采等而进行的一系列测量工作。
        其内容主要包括:建立矿区测量控制网，矿区地形测量，线路测量，爆破测量，采剥验收测量，绘
          制各种矿山测量图和露天矿边坡稳定性监测。
3.6.11物化探测量 geophysical and geochemical prospecting survey
        地球物理和地球化学勘探过程中所涉及到的测量工作之总称。其目的是为物化探工作提供可
        靠的测量成果资料。其主要内容是:布置测网，测定测网网点的平面坐标和高程，为物化探布设
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        各种剖面，对物化探基点、异常点、测网和重要地质标志进行联测以及提供最终测量成果
3.6.12地表移动观测 observation of ground movement
        为研究由于地下开挖而产生的岩层和地表移动规律所进行的观测工作 主要内容有 在采*,区
        地表沿矿体走向和倾向设点进行监测，研究地表移动变形的大小和分布规律;向岩层内部打深
        钻孔设点和在采掘面附近设点，以观测岩层内部的移动;观测建筑场、铁路路基等的移动和变
        形;监测露天矿边坡的稳定性。
3.7储量计算 calculation of reserves
      根据矿产地质或矿一床勘探所获得的矿床(或矿体)资料和数据，运用矿床学的理论和一定的方法，
      确定矿床(或矿体)各部分有用矿产的数量、质量、空间分布、技术条件及研究精度的过程。
3.7. 1矿产储量 mineral reserves
        矿产的蕴藏量。其表示方式有:矿石储量、金属储量、有用组分储量、有用矿物储量等，多以重量
        计，少数以体积计。
3.7.2 开采储量 extraction reserves
        在开发勘探阶段由矿山开采部门详细探明的、列入矿山开采计划的矿产储量
3.7.3设计储量 designing reserves
        经过地质勘探工作探明的、可作为矿山建设和投资依据的矿产储量
3.7.4远景储量 future reserves
        研究程度较低，一般只能作为矿山远景规划和进一步布置地质勘探工作依据的矿产储量
3.7, 5地质储量 geological reseves
        根据区域地质调查、矿床分布规律，或根据区域构造单元，结合已知矿产的成矿地质条件所顶测
        的矿产储量
3-7. 6工业储量 industry reseves
        开采储量和设计储量的总称
3.8地质编录 geological record
      用文字、图件、表格等形式，将地质勘探和矿山生产过程中所观测到的地质和矿产现象以及综合成
      果，系统、客观地反映出来的工作 其目的是为研究工作地区的地质和成矿规律、评价和开发矿床
      提供准确、可靠的资料。
3.8.1区域地质图 regional geological map
        反映包括矿区在内而范围较大或相当大地区的地质情况(即区域地质)的基本图件 其作用是说
        明矿区所在区域的地质特征和成矿地质环境，反映该区的矿产远景，为进一步发现新的矿床提
        供线索。
3.8.2钻孔柱状图 bore hole columnar section
        根据对钻孔岩(矿)心(岩屑、岩粉)的观察鉴定、取样分析及在钻孔内进行的各种测试所获资料
        而编制成的一种原始图件。借以形象地表示出钻孔通过的岩层、矿体及其相互关系，是编制有关
        综合图件和计算矿储量的主要依据。
3.8.3 矿体(层)等厚线图 thickness isoline map of ore body(seam)
        用厚度等值线来表示缓倾斜的沉积层状矿床中某 一矿体(层)不同部位厚度变化趋势的一种图
        件
3.8.4矿层顶(底)板等高线图 contour map of seam roof(floor)
        用高程等值线表示同一矿层的顶(底)板在矿区不同部位埋藏深度和变化趋势的图件。
3.8. 5地质报告 ‘eological report
        全面反映地质勘探工作成果的主要技术文件，是在指定任务完成或告一阶段之后，根据各种资
        料的系统整理和综合研究编写而成。它一般由报告正文及各种图件、表格、附件等组fit 拎fib.质
cs/T 17225一1998
工作的项目可将其分为矿产地质报告、水文地质或工程地质报告、区域地质调查报告、物化探报
告、石油地质报告等;按工作阶段可将其分为中间报告、总结报告、补充报告等。
4 勘探网的布测
4.1勘探网 prospecting net
      将勘探工程布设在两组不同方向勘探线交点匕使其总体形成的网状形式。
4.1.1勘探网点 intersection of prospecting net
        勘探网中纵、横勘探线的交点。
4.1.2 线距 interval between lines
        勘探网中的勘探线之间的距离。线距一般在20 m̂ -1 000 m之间取lo m的整数倍，其大小依矿
        床类型与储量级别而定。
4.1.3勘探网度 density of prospecting net
        每个穿透矿体的勘探工程所控制的矿体面积，通常以工程沿矿体走向的距离与沿矿体倾斜的距
        离或变化最大方向的距离来表示
4.2勘探线 prospecting line
      将勘探工程布设在一组与矿体走向基本垂直或平行的铅垂剖面内，从而在地面上构成一组相互平
      行(有时也可不平行)的直线形的一种工程总体布设形式。
4.2.1勘探基线 prospecting baseline
        在矿体适中部位选定的、作为勘探网基准线的勘探线。
4.2.2 横向勘探线 horizontal prospecting line
        平行矿体走向的勘探线。
4.2. 3纵向勘探线 vertical prospecting line
        垂直于矿体走向的勘探线。
4.2.4 勘探线基点 starting point of prospecting line
        勘探线与勘探基线的交点。
4.2. 5 点距 interval between points
        勘探线上工程点之间的距离。点距的大小视储量级别和矿体的倾角变化而定。
4.3 勘探网测量 prospecting net survey
      按勘探工作的要求进行勘探网的设计，并根据勘探网的设计数据将勘探网测设于实地的测量工
      作。
4.3.1勘探网的设计 design of prospecting net
        确定勘探基线的方向和位置、勘探网的形状及其线距，并计算出勘探基线端点、勘探线基点、勘
        探网点的设计坐标的工作
4.3.2勘探网的展绘 drawing of prospecting net
        根据勘探网的设计数据，将勘探网展绘于规定比例尺地形图上的工作。
4.3. 3勘探网的测设 prospecting net layout
        根据勘探网的设计数据将勘探网中的勘探基线端点、勘探线基点、勘探网点等测设于实地的测
        量工作。
4.4勘探线测量 prospecting line survey
      按勘探工作的要求，确定勘探基线的位置和方向、勘探线的线距和方位，并将勘探线测设于实地的
      测量工作。
4.4. 1勘探基线测量 prospecting baseline survey
        根据地质人员在实地(或图上)确定的勘探基线的位置和方向.按设计的线距，将勘探基线端点
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      和勘探线基点测设于实地的测量工作
5 地质点测里
5.1地质观察点 pointofgeolog、calob、ervation
      野外进行观察、研究地质现象的地点。其位置应着重选择在地质界线或矿体、蚀变岩石露头等显示
      矿化的地方，以及断层、褶皱、水文地质及地貌等重要地质现象的地点
    同义词:地质点 geologicalpoint
5.1.1水文地质观察点 pointofhydrogeologicalob，ervat‘On
        地质调查中，观察研究水文地质现象的一类地质观察点。区域地质调查中的水文地质观察点应
        选择在泉、井等地下水出露的地方
5.1.2地貌观察点 polntofgeomorpholog，calobservation
        地质调查中观察、研究地貌现象的一类地质观察点 一般应选择在地貌单元分界、微地貌及地形
        变化明显、有良好第四系出露的地方
5.1.3露头 Outcrop
        地层、岩体、矿体、地下水、天然气等出露于地表的部分 其中包括:自然出露于地表的天然露头，
        经各种工程揭露的人工露头，氧化不深仍保持原有成份、结构构造等特点的原生露头，遭受明显
        氧化、其物质成份及结构构造均发生明显变化的氧化露头。
5.2找矿标参 oreguideofprospecting
      显示矿产存在或可能存在的各种现象和线索。其中包括:矿体露头、铁帽、矿砾、有用矿物重砂、旧
      矿遗迹、盐泉、油气苗以及部分由物化探所圈定的致矿异常等直接找矿标志，蚀变围岩、特殊地层
      层位或标志层、特殊颜色的岩石、特殊地形、特殊植物、物化探发现的异常以及某些历史资料、地名
      等间接标志。
5.2.1矿苗 mineralsprout
        各种矿产自然出露于地表的部分(如油苗、气苗、铁帽等)。它是直接显示矿产可能存在的地质现
        象，是重要的直接找矿标志。
5.22矿点 mineraloccurrenCe
        广义的矿点是指群众提供的或经区域地质调查、矿产普查工作发现的，并认为具有成矿条件、显
        示矿产存在标志的地点。在区域地质调查编制的矿产图上，矿点是指经区域地质矿产调查或初
        步勘探工作所确定的，矿石品位符合工业要求而规模小于小型矿床的含矿地点，或者指未进行
        过详细工作，规模尚未查明的含矿地点
5.2.3 矿化点 rnineralizedpoint
        根据现有资料不足以说明是否确切存在矿产 但有成矿现象的地点。它是进行矿产预测与进一
        步部署找矿工作的依据。
5.2.4矿化带 mineralizedzone
        矿床、矿点、蚀变围岩等矿化现象或找矿标志呈带状断续分布，并受同一地质条件控制的地带。
        它是预测矿产与进一步布署找矿工作的重要地带。
5.3矿床 depos，ts
      在内力及外力地质作用下在地壳中形成，并在现有技术和经济条件下其质和量方面均能够被开采
      利用，由一个或数个以至数十到数百个矿体所构成的集合体。
53.1矿体 orebody
        占有一定空间位置、具有一定形态和产状，并且有用矿物或有用元素含量达到工业价值的矿石
        的天然聚合体。它是矿床的基本组成单位。
53，2矿带 mineralzone
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      具有共同特征和有成因联系的矿床或矿床组合成的呈带状分布的地质构造带
5. 3.3 矿脉 mineral dyke
        沿着各种岩石裂隙充填而形成的、其形态呈板状或近似板状的矿体
5.4 地质观察路线 traverse of geological observation
    进行地质填图及各种地质调查时所布置的工作路线
5.4.1穿越路线 through traverse
        按近似垂直或斜交地质体或构造线的走向布置并横穿各地质体的地质观察路线
5.4.2追索路线 tracing traverse
        沿岩层、矿体等地质体的界线或构造的延伸方向布置的地质观察路线。
5. 5地质点标定 determination of geological point
      在野外进行选择地质点并将其位置测定到底图上的工作。
5. 5.1 目测法定点 spoting by eye-survey method
        地质点标定时，在地形、地物标志明显情况下，根据地形、地物、微地貌特征，用目测直接将地质
        点位置标定到底图上，或借助航片进行定点然后再转绘到底图上的地质点标定工作。
5.5.2半仪器法定点 spoting by semi-instrument method
        地质点标定时，在地形、地物标志不明显，采用目测法有困难的情况下，采用简单的仪器(如罗盘
        等)和简易的测量方法进行的地质点标定工作。
5.5. 3仪器法定点 spoting by instrument method
        在进行大比例尺地质填图或测定重要地质点时，采用比较精密的仪器和较高精度的测量方法进
        行的地质点标定工作。
6.1
勘探工程定位测t
  勘探工程定位点 positioning point of prospecting engineering
      用来确定勘探工程位置的基本点 例如:探井、钻孔的中心点，探槽中轴线的两端点，坑道的坑口点
      等。
6.1.1勘探S程点 prospecting engineering point
        勘探工程的中心点。
6.2地表揭露工程 engineering for unmask ground
    为揭露复盖地区的地质现象和探明表土层下面的岩石或矿体的地质资料而在地表布置的诸如探
      槽、浅井、小圆井、剥土、探坑等轻型勘探工程
6.2门 探槽 trench
        为探明表土层下的地层岩性或矿体界限及其延伸方向而开挖的深度不超过3m的长条形地表
        揭露工程。
6.2.2 浅井 shalow shaft
        为探明地表下的地层岩性或矿体的界限，从地表垂直向下挖掘的深度和断面均较小的井状地表
        揭露工程。其断面面积为l. 2̂ 2.2 m',深度一般不超过20 m,
6.2.3 小圆井 smal circular shaft
        断面为圆形、深度不超过5m的浅井。其直径一般为0. 8-1. 0 m,
6.2.4 剥土 stripping
        剥离地表覆盖层(厚度一般小于1 m)以了解地表下部的岩层岩性及矿体界限的地表揭露工程。
6.2. 5探坑 prospecting pit
        为探明表土层下的地层岩性或矿体界限而在地表挖掘的浅坑状地表揭露工程
6.3地表揭露工程的测设 layout of engineering for unmask ground
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      将根据勘探工程要求将设计于地形图上的地表揭露工程测设到实施，并在工程完成后测定其工程
      点和工程定位点平面坐标和高程的测量工作
6.3.1地表揭露工程的初测 initial survey of engineering for unmask ground
        将在地形图上设计好的地表揭露工程测设于实地，并对工程定位点进行桩定，以指导工程开挖
        的测量工作。
6.3.2地表揭露工程的定测 final survey of engineering for unmask ground
        在地表揭露工程开挖完成后进行的测定地表揭露工程的工程点和工程定位点的平面坐标和高
        程的测量工作
6.4 钻孔 bore hole
      钻机向地下钻凿成的直径较小且具有一定深度的井孔。
6.4.1钻孔顶角 zenithal angle of bore hole
        钻孔轴线上某点的切线与过该点的铅垂线间的夹角
6.4.2钻孔方位角 azimuthal angle of bore hole
        自钻孔轴线卜某点指北方向起顺时针量至从该点出发所作的钻孔轴线水平投影之切线的夹角。
6.4.3钻孔倾角 dip angle of bore hole
        钻孔轴线上某点处的切线与过该点水平面之间的夹角。
6.4.4孔斜 hole deflection
        在钻进过程中，已经钻成孔段的轴线相对原设计轴线所产生的偏移。是衡量钻探工程质量的 -
        项重要指标。它包括倾角偏移和方位角偏移。
6.5钻孔位置测量 position survey of bore hole
      在钻探工程测量中，按设计要求将钻孔位置测设于实地，并在平整钻机机场后恢复钻孔位置，以及
      在钻探结束后测定钻孔位置的平面坐标和高程等的测量工作。
6.5.1钻孔位置的初测 initial survey of bore hole position
        将设计的钻孔位置测设于实地的测量工作。
6. 5.2 钻孔位置的复测 reobservation of bore hole position
        在钻机机场平台的土工作业完成后，根据复测校正桩以恢复确定平整机场时被破坏的钻孔位置
        的测量工作。
6.5.3钻孔位置的定测 final survey of bore hole position
      钻探结束后，精确测定钻孔中心(封孔标志中心或套管顶面中心)的平面坐标和高程的测量工
        作。
6.5.4 复测校正桩 correction pile of reobservation
        在钻孔位置初测的同时，预先布设于钻机机场平整范围之外，以供恢复平整机场时将被破坏的
        钻孔位置的桩点。
了 地质剖面测t
7. 1勘探剖面 prospecting profile
      由按设计方向布设的勘探工程所构成的切面。其作用是为了正确地圈定矿体和了解矿体不同部分
      的产状、形态及内部结构。
7.1.1水平勘探剖面 horizontal prospecting profile
        由布设在同一标高的水平面上的勘探工程所构成的勘探剖面 其作用是沿不同深度揭示和圈定
        矿体
7. 1.2铅垂勘探剖面 perpendicular prospecting profile
        由布设在同一勘探线上的勘探工程所构成的勘探剖面。其作用是沿不同的勘探线揭示和圈定
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        矿体
      同义词:勘探线剖面 profile of prospecting line
7.2勘探线剖面测量 profile survey of prospecting line
    沿勘探线方向按地质要求进行的垂直剖面测量和绘制勘探线剖面图的工作 其内容包括 确定剖
      面端点，根据剖面长度设置剖控点，在剖控点间加设测站点，测定剖面线方向七的工程点、地质点、
    地物点、地貌特征点等平面坐标和高程，进行剖面计算和绘制剖面图
7.2. 1剖面端点 profile terminal
        剖面线两端的控制点。
7.2.2剖面定向点 profile orientation point
        位于剖面线之上，在剖面测量中用于标定剖面线方向的控制点。
7.2. 3剖控点 profile control point
        为满足剖面测量需要，根据剖面线的长度，在勘探线上布设的控制点。
7.2.4剖面测站点 profile station point
        在剖控点不能满足剖面测量设站需要时，在剖控点之间布设的专供剖面测量使用的仪器安置
        点。
7.2.5剖面点 profile point
        位于勘探剖面线上的勘探工程点、地质点、地物点、地貌点之总称
7.2.6剖面工程点 profile engineering point
        位于勘探剖面线上的勘探工程点。
7.2.7 剖面定线 profile lining
        根据勘探矿区的测量控制点或勘探线基点，将剖面端点和定向点测设在实地上以确定剖面线的
        位置和方向的测量工作。
7.2.8剖面控制测量 profile control survey
        在剖面定线的基础上，根据剖面端点和定向点，在剖面线上设置剖控点以及在剖控点之间加密
        测站点的测量工作。
7.2.9剖面点测量 profile point survey
        测定剖面线上的勘探工程点、地质点、地物点、地貌点等剖面点的平面坐标和高程的测量工作
7.2.10勘探线设计方位 design direction of prospecting line
        与勘探线两端点设计坐标相应的坐标方位角。
7.2.11勘探线实测方位 ground direction of prospecting line
        与勘探线两端点实测坐标相应的坐标方位角。
7.3勘探线剖面图 profile map of prospecting line
      显示某一勘探线上的地物、地貌、地质现象、勘探工程等的分布情况的铅垂剖面图
7.3.1剖面图水平比例尺 horizontal scale of profile map
        在勘探线剖面图上，剖面点在水平坐标线(横坐标线)上的投影间距与实地相应水平距离之比
7.3.2剖面图垂直比例尺 vertical scale of profile map
        在勘探线剖面图上，剖面点到水平坐标线的垂直高度与相应的高差之比。
      同义词:剖面图高程比例尺 height scale of profile map
7.3.3地形剖面线 profile line of topography
        在勘探线剖面图上，地表面与沿勘探线方向铅垂剖切面的交线
7.3.4剖面投影平面图 profile projection plan
        绘制在勘探线剖面图下方，反映勘探线上及其两侧一定区域内的地物、地貌、地质现象、勘探工
        程等分布情况的带状平面图。
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7. 3. 5勘探工程的偏离距 deviation distace of prospecting engineering
      当因测设和施工误差的存在而使勘探工程偏离勘探线时，勘探工程点到勘探线的垂直距离。
7.3.6勘探S程的投影距 projection distance of prospecting engineering
      当因测设和施工误差的存在而使勘探工程偏离勘探线时，勘探工程点在勘探线上的垂直投影点
      距勘探线端点的距离
7.4地质剖面 geological profile
      沿某一方向显示一定深度内地质构造情况的实际(或推断)切面。
7.4.1地质剖面线 geological profile line
        地质剖面与地表或某一平面的交线
7.4.2 地质剖面图 geological profile map
        按 一定比例尺表示地质剖面上的地质现象及其相互关系的图件。
7.4.3实测剖面 surveyed profile
        用测绘仪器和工具在实地布设并进行测绘的地质剖面
7.4.4精IT]剖面 fine-surveyed profile
        为了详细研究已发现的地质现象，用精度较高的仪器和方法布设和测绘的实测剖面。
7.4. 5随手剖面 free hand profile
        以目测的方法勾绘出的实测剖面。
7.4.6典型剖面 typical profile
        在某一等级地层或构造岩相带区域内，具有代表性的地质剖面。它必须具备:岩石露头连续、产
        状清楚、构造简单(或清楚)、层序完整、分层标志明显易于识别，有较丰富的古生物及其确定年
      代(或年龄)的资料的划分岩相带的充分依据，与上、下地层接触关系清楚，在一定范围内具有较
        好的稳定性并与邻区可以进行可靠的对比。
7.4.7 图切剖面 transverse cuting profile
        在地质图上，选择某一方向，按一定的比例尺，根据地图上的地质、地理要素，用投影方法编绘而
        成的地质剖面图。借以同地质图配合反映地质构造在空间上的相互关系及历史的发展情况。
7.4.8地质横剖面图 geological cross section map
        垂直于岩层(或构造线)总体走向的地质剖面图。
7.4.9地质纵剖面图 longitudinal profile map of geology
        平行于岩层(或构造线)总体走向的地质剖面图。
7.4. 10 水平地质剖面图 horizontal profile map of geology
        沿水平方向的地质剖面图。用L:[表示地质体在不同深度的地质构造轮廓。
8 坑探工程测t
坑探 adit prospecting
从地表或地下挖掘不同类型坑道以探明地质及矿产现象的一种地质勘探技术手段。
坑道 adit
为了地质勘探、采矿和其它目的，沿水平方向或倾角不大的倾斜方向，按一定规格在矿床或岩层中
开凿成的洞状掘进工程
  矿山坑道 mine adit
  在生产矿山中，为了采矿、探矿等目的而在岩层或矿体中开凿的各种坑道。
  开拓坑道 developing adit
  为使矿床与地面有一条完整的通风、排水和运输线路而从地表掘进通入矿体的各种坑道
  采准坑道 preparatory adit
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8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
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      为采矿准备而掘进、形成采区外形的一些骨干坑道。以供采区的通行、运输、通风之用
8.2.4 回采坑道 stoping adit
        在采区内为直接进行采矿作业而掘进的各种坑道
8.3坑探工程 adit prospecting engineering
    对矿床进行勘探时所布置的各类坑道之总称。
8.3.1沿脉坑道 dyke adit
      沿着矿体走向掘进，用以探明矿体沿其走向变化情况的水平坑道。
8.3.2 穿脉坑道 transverse adit
        沿与矿体走向斜交或直交方向掘进，用以探明矿体厚度、了解矿石组分和品位变化以及查明矿
        体与围岩的接触关系等情况的水平坑道。
8.3.3 平m同 drift
        由地表直接通向矿体，用以查明矿体的产状和范围的水平坑道。
B-3.4 斜坑 ，nclined adit
        由地表直接通向矿体，用以查明矿体的产状和范围的倾斜坑道。
8.3.5 隧酮 tunnel
        两端都直通地表的水平坑道。
8.3.6 巷道 workings
        在地下掘进的无直通地面出口的水平坑道或倾斜坑道。
8. 3.7 平巷 galery
        腰线近于水平的巷道。
8.3.8 石门 cross-cut
        从竖井、斜井掘进于围岩之内的平巷。
8.3.9石巷 rock workings
        在围岩中，沿平行矿体走向掘进的平巷。
8.3.10 WI室 chamber
        断面较大而长度较短的平巷。
8.3.11 斜巷 inclined workings
        腰线与水平面斜交的巷道·
8.3.12 上山 raise
        在上、下相邻两平巷之间，自下而上掘进的小断面斜巷
8.3. 13 下山 winze
        在上、下相邻两平巷之间，自上而下掘进的小断面斜巷。
8.4 坑道要素 adit factor
      表征坑道形态和位置的线和面。
8.4.1坑道帮仁壁」adit wal
        水平坑道和倾斜坑道的两个侧壁。
  8.4.2 顶板 roof
        水平坑道和倾斜坑道的顶面口
  8.4.3 底板 floor
        水平坑道和倾斜坑道的底面。
  8.4.4 坑道中线 center line of adit
        坑道水平投影的几何中心线
  8.4. 5 坑道坡度线 slope line of adit
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        为指示坑道掘进的坡度而按设计坡度在坑道两壁上标出的与底板平行的直线
      同义词坑道腰线 waist line of adit
8.4.6 坑道开切面 cuting face of adit
        为放样坑道的开挖断面而裁切出的工作面
8.5 坑道测点 adit station
      在坑道工程测量时，设置于坑口附近及坑道内的控制点和放样点
8. 5.1 近坑点 approach point of adit
        设置于坑口附近，用于指导坑道掘进和施测坑口位置点以及作为坑道内经纬仪导线起算点的控
        制点
8.5.2 坑口位置点 point for adit position
        位于坑口的坑道中线桩点，它是坑道中线与地表的交点
8. 5. 3 坑口校正点 correction point for adit position
        用来恢复和校正坑口位置点而在掘进工作区之外设置的与坑口位置点构成一定几何关系的桩
        点。
8. 5.4 顶板测点 roof station
        设置在坑道顶板或永久支护上部的测点
8.5.5 底板测点 floor station
        设置在坑道底板上的测点
8.5.6坑道中线桩 median pile of adit
        为指示坑道中线方向而在坑道中线方向匕埋设于顶板或底板上的标志桩
8.5.7 坑道腰线点 waist line point of adit
        为指示坑道的坡度而测设于坑道两壁腰线上的测点
8.6坑道控制测量 control survey of adit
      坑道平面控制测量和高程控制测量之总称
8.6.1坑道平面控制测量 horizontal control survey of adit
        为了将坑道与地面连为一个整体、指导坑道的掘进和贯通、建立测绘坑道平面图的基本控制、对
        坑内的特殊工程和地下矿体及各种地质特征点的位置进行控制等目的，而在坑道内外建立控制
        网并测取其控制网点平面坐标的测量工作
B-6.2 坑道高程控制测量 vertical control survey of adit
        为了测设坑道的设计高程位置和满足贯通与测图的需要，以从地面导人高程的控制点为基准，
        而在坑道内建立控制网并测取其控制网点高程的测量工作。
8. 7坑口位置点M量 survey of point for adit position
      根据勘探工作的要求，将坑口位置点布设到实地，并测定其平面坐标和高程的测量工作。
8.7.1坑口位置点的布设 layout of point for adit position
        根据勘探工作的要求，将坑口位置点的设计位置测设于实地，并按规定的规格和要求埋设相应
        标志的测量工作。
8.7.2 坑口位置点的定测 location survey of point for adit position
        在坑口位置点埋设标志后，测定标志中心点的平面坐标和高程的测量工作。
8.8坑道掘进测量 driving survey of adit
      坑道掘进过程中涉及到的测量工作。其内容包括:根据设计要求标定坑道掘进的方向(中线)和坡
      度(腰线)，测绘坑道的实际位置，进行坑道的验收丈量，测定坑内特殊工程和地质点的位置等
  8. 8.1坑道定线测量 adit layout survey
        将坑道的设计方向和坡度及时准确地测设于坑道的顶板、底板和两壁，并作出明显标志，以作为
Gs/'r 17228一1998
        掘进依据的测量工作
8.8.2坑道中线标定 。eting-out of adit median
        将坑道中线标定到坑口的开切面 巨，并在掘进过程中将坑道中线引测到坑道内以及将其逐渐向
        前延伸的测量工作。
8.8.3坑道坡度线标定 ，eting-out of adit slope line
        按坑道的设计坡度将坑道的坡度线(腰线)标定在坑道两壁上的测量工作
      同义词:坑道腰线标定 seting-out of adit waist line
8.8.4 点一「对中 centring under point
        以顶板测点为准进行经纬仪(或其它测量仪器)对中的操作过程
8.8.5激光导向仪给向 seting-out of direction by laser guide instrument
        用激光导向仪标定坑道掘进方向的测量工作，即:用激光导向仪给出一条平行于坑道腰线且与
        坑道中线平行或重合的方向线，用以指导直线坑道的掘进。
8.8.6饭岔放样 seting-out of junction
        根据坑道的交叉点的设计坐标，在坑道相交处或分岔处所进行的坑道放样测量工作
8.8.7坑道验收丈量 footage measurement of cheching adit
        丈量坑道进度和检查坑道规格、质量的测量工作
8.9坑道碎部测量 detail survey of adit
      为测绘大比例尺坑道图和炯室图而进行的碎部测量工作
8.9.1坑内空tin jqp}量 underground cavity survey
        对坑内天然形成或人工开凿的各种形状和大小的空i p和桐室而进行的碎部测量工作。
8.9.2坑道平面图 adit plan
        表示矿区内坑道的名称、形态及其各构筑物和设施，各类控制点的点号与高程，以及各种地质现
        象的综合性图件。
8.9.3 坑道平面图测量 adit plan survey
        根据坑内经纬仪导线或罗盘仪导线，以绘制坑道平面图为目的而进行的坑道碎部测量。
9 井探工程测t
9.1井探 shaft prospecting
      挖掘不同类型的竖井、斜井等深部掘进勘探工程以探明地质及矿产现象的一种地质勘探技术手
      段
9.2井探工程 shaft prospecting engineering
      对矿床进行勘探时所布置的竖井、斜井等深部掘进勘探工程之总称。
9.2.1竖井 vertical shaft
        沿竖直方向从地表向下掘进而进入地下，且深度及断面较大的深部掘进筒状工程。
9.2.2斜井 inclined shaft
      沿与竖直方向成一定角度的方向，从地表向下掘进而进入地下，且深度及断面较大的深部掘进
        筒状工程。
9.2.3 暗井 blind shaft
        在水平巷道中，自上而下开凿的、无直通地表出口的小断面竖井。
9.2.4天井 raise shaft
        在水平巷道中，自下而上开凿的、无直通地表出口的小断面竖井
9.3竖井联系测量 shaft connection survey
      通过竖井将地面控制网和井下控制网连系在同一个平面坐标系统和高程系统中的测量工作 它包
                                                                                                                                                                    互v3
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cs/T 17228一1998
      括竖井定向测量和导人高程测量
9.4竖井定向测量 shaft orientation survey
      通过竖并将地面坐标系中的平面坐标及方向传递到井下的测量工作
9.4.1近井点 approach point of shaft
        设置在井口附近，用以施测井口位置点、定向连接点以及指导井筒掘进的控制点
9,4.2定向连接点 connection point for orientation
        在竖井定向前设置于井筒附近地面上，用来作为定向时与吊锤线(或投影光束)连测的测站点
9.4. 3定向水平 orientation plane
        用作投影定向方向的水平面。
9.4.4 n何定向 geometric orientation
        采用在竖井内悬挂重锤线并与几何图形相连接进行坐标和方位角传递的竖并方向测量 包括一
        井定向和两井定向
9.4. 5物理定向 physical orientation
        利用物理原理和方法进行的竖井定向测量 如:用磁性仪进行的磁性定向，用陀螺经纬仪进行的
        陀螺定向，用激光铅垂仪进行的光学定向等
9.4.6一井定向 one shaft orientation
        通过 一个竖井进行的竖井定向测量，即:在一个竖井井筒内同时悬挂两根重锤线(或同时铅垂地
        发射两条可见光束)，通过地面和井下的连测，将两重锤线中心(或光束轴心)的平面坐标及其连
        线的坐标方位角传递给井下的控制点和导线边。
9.4.7两井定向 two shaft orientation
        通过两个竖井进行的竖井定向测量，即:在两个有巷道连通的竖井井筒内各悬挂一根重锤线(或
        各铅垂地发射一条可见光束)，根据地面控制网测定两根重锤线中心(或光束轴心)的平面坐标，
        在巷道内用导线对两重锤线中心(或光束轴心)进行连测，从而将地面控制网的平面坐标和方向
        传递给井下的控制点和导线边
9.4.8粗略定向 rough orientation
        当定向精度要求不高时，来用精度较低的仪器和方法进行的竖井定向测量
9.4.9精密定向 precise orientation
        当定向精度要求较高时，采用较精密的仪器和方法进行的竖井定向测量
9.4.10定向误差 orientation error
        在竖井定向测量过程中，由于投影的误差和井上井下连接测量本身的观测误差等而导致井下
        控制点的坐标和导线边的坐标方位角所产生的误差
9. 5定向投影 orientation projection
      利用悬挂重锤线(或铅垂发射可见光束)等方法将吊锤线中心(或光束轴心)铅垂地投影到定向水
      平上的测量工作。
9. 5.1 吊锤投点 projection by suspended plumbing
        根据在竖井井筒中悬挂的两根重锤线所构成的一个竖直面与任何一个水平面的交线均保持同
        一水平方向的原理来进行的定向投影方法。
9.5.2 稳定锤投点 damping-bob shaft plumbing
        在采用稳定措施使吊锤线摆动很少的情况下，通过观测稳定吊锤线进行定向连接测量的定向投
          影方法。
9.5.3摆动锤投点 pendulous-bob shaft plumbing
        在竖井井深较大、吊锤难以稳定时，通过观测吊锤线的摆动来找出其静止的位置，并将其固定下
        来，然后再进行定向连接测量的定向投影方法。
GR/T 17228一1998
9. 5.4激光投，,r}  laser plumbing
        用激光铅垂仪发射的铅垂光束轴线代替吊锤线来进行的定向投影方法。
9.6定向连接测量 connection survey of orientation
      用IL何图形(如直线、三角形、四边形)把吊锤线与地面和井下的控制网联系起来，经过连if, 1和计算
      将地面控制网的平面坐标和方向传递到井下控制点和导线边的测量工作
9.6.1瞄直法 sighting line method
        在一井定向时，将定向连接点设置在两吊锤线连线延长线上的定向连接测量方法
9.6.2联系三角形法 connection triangle method
        在一井定向时，用分别布置在地而和井下的、以两吊锤线连线为公共边的二角形将地面与井F
        的控制网联系起来的定向连接测量方法。
9.6.3联接四边形法 connection quadrangle method
        在一井定向时，通过对由两吊锤线与井下两辅助点构成的平面联接四边形的角度和边长进行观
        测和计算，将地面与井下控制网联系起来的定向连接测量方法
9.7 陀螺定向测量 gyrostatic orientation survey
      用陀螺经纬仪测定某控制网边真方位角的测量工作
9.7.1陀螺仪子午线 gyro meridian
        由陀螺仪所确定的子午线方向，即:测站上通过假想的陀螺轴稳定位置的子午面(陀螺仪子午
        面)与地平面的交线。
9.7.2陀螺方位角 gyro azimuth
        从陀螺仪子午线北方向按顺时针方向量至某定向边的水平角。
9.7.3 中天法 transit method
        通过对陀螺仪轴运转的观测，先确定近似北方向，再连续读记摆动的指标线(陀螺轴)反复经过
        分划板零线时的时间和到达东、西逆转点时的摆幅.通过计算获得近似北方向的改正数，进而确
        定测站真北方向的一种定向方法
9.7.4逆转点法 method of inversion points
        用陀螺经纬仪跟踪观测摆动的指示线(陀螺轴)反复到达东、西逆转点时水平度盘读数，经过计
        算确定测站真北方向的一种定向方法
9.7, 5陀螺定向误差 gyro orientation eror
        用陀螺经纬仪测定某定向边真方位角时，因仪器和观测等误差而导致定向边真方位角所产生的
        误差
9.8导入高程测量 induction height survey
      将地面高程测量系统传递到井下水准基点的测量工作。
9.8.1钢丝法 long wire method
        利用分别安置在地面和井下的两台水准仪对立于地面和井下水准点上的水准尺进行观测，并按
        水平视线在悬挂于井筒中的钢丝上做出两个标记，通过量取钢丝上两标记间的长度并经过计算
        而获得井下水准点的高程的导入高程测量方法。
9.8.2钢尺法 steel tape method
        利用分别安置在地面和井下的两台水准仪对立于地面和井下水准点上的水准尺和悬挂在井筒
        中的特制钢尺进行观测，通过计算而获得井下水准点的高程的导入高程测量方法。
9.8.3井下高程测量 underground height survey
        侧定各种勘探或采掘巷道、酮室、矿体等在竖直方向上的位置及其相互关系的测量工作 其主要
        内容包括:向巷道内导人高程和建立井下高程控制网，标定巷道的腰线，确定巷道及矿体在竖直
        投影图上的位置，检查主要巷道和运输轨道的坡度，测绘主要运输巷道的纵剖面图等
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GB;̀P 17228一1998
9.9矿山测量图 mining map
      在矿山设计、勘探、施工和生产过程中，在地面和地下施测的反映矿区内地物、地貌、生产系统和生
      活设施以及勘探工程和采掘工程分布的各种图件之总称。
9.9. 1矿区地形图 topographic map of mining area
        反映矿区范围内地物、地貌的图件
9. 9. 2 1!)“场平面图 mining yard plan
        反映矿场内生产系统和生活设施等的综合性图件。
9.9.3井底车场平面图 shaft botom plan
        反映井底车场的巷道和响室的位置分布以及运输和排水系统的综合性图件
9.9.4井_L井F对照图 surface-underground contrast plan
        反映矿场地面的地物和地貌与井下勘探和采掘工程之间空间位置对应关系的综合性图件
10 贯通测量
10.1贯通 breakthrough
      按设计要求采用多个工作面掘进同一个坑道(或竖井)或在坑道(或竖井)之间掘进使其在预定地
      点接通的一类工程。
10.1. 1贯通面 through face
        坑道(或竖井)贯通施工时彼此接通处的工作面
10.1.2单向贯通 one-direction breakthrough
        从一个坑道〔或竖井)掘进工作面向另一个未进行掘进工作的坑道(或竖井)掘进施i的贯通方
          式
10. 1.3同向贯通 same-direction breakthrough
        从一个坑道(或竖井)的两个掘进工作面开始按相同方向掘进施工的贯通方式
10.1.4相向贯通 reciprocal breakthrough
        从一个坑道(或竖井)的两个掘进工作面开始按对向掘进施工的贯通方式。
10.1. 5坑道贯通 adit breakthrough
        按单向、或同向、或相向贯通方式开挖同一个水平或倾斜坑道时的贯通。
10.1.6坑道Iril贯通 breakthrough between adits
        为连通两水平或倾斜坑道而进行的贯通。其中包括左、右坑道间的贯通和上、下坑道间的贯通
10. 1.7 竖井贯通 shaft breakthrough
        按单向、或同向、或相向贯通方式开凿同一竖井时的贯通。
10. 1.8竖井f7贯通 breakthrough between shafts
        为连通两竖井而进行的贯通。
10.1.9地下找孔 finding hole under ground
        在坑道内向已完工的钻孔开凿支巷，用已实现与钻孔接通的贯通。
10.2 贯通误差 through error
      相向或同向掘进的坑道的施工中线在贯通面上因未准确接通而产生的偏差。它有纵向贯通误差、
      横向贯通误差和竖向贯通误差三个分量。
10.2. 1纵向贯通误差 longitudinal through eror
        沿坑道施工中线方向上的长度贯通偏差。它是贯通误差在施工中线方向上的分量
10-2.2横向贯通误差 lateral through eror
        沿垂直于坑道施工中线的水平方向贯通偏差。它是贯通误差在垂直于坑道施工中线的水平方
          向仁的分量
GB/T 17228一1998
10-2.3竖I" I贯iI误差 vertical through eror
        沿垂直于坑道施工中线的铅垂方向贯通误差 它是贯通误差在铅垂方向L的分量，即高程贯通
          误旅
10. 2.4 贯通误差预计 estimation of through error
        在贯通工程施工之前，预先对坑道和井筒贯通时由于地面控制、定向和地 I ,-导线等测41f误趁引
        起的水平方向贯通误差和由地面高程测fit、导人高程测量和地下高程测贷等测量误差而引起
        的高程贯通误差等所进行的估算工作
11 露天矿测量
11.1露天采矿 opencast mining
      先将覆盖在矿体上面的土石剥离掉，自上而卜地将矿体分为若干梯段，然后直接在露天进行采0'-
      的方法 一般适宜于规模较大、储量丰富、埋藏较浅的厚矿体
11. 1.1 剥离 overburden
        在露天采矿时，将覆盖在矿体上部及其周围的浮土和围岩剥去，并将其装运倾卸在排上场的上
        作
11-1.2 剥采比 〔Overburden ratio
        露天采矿时剥去的废石量与采出矿石量的比值。
11.2采场测量 open-pit survey
      为及时填绘包含有采场工作面位置及日期、矿柱位置、矿层厚度及采高等内容的采场动态图1耐些
      行的测量工作
11. 2. 1 露天矿场 open-pt
        在地表直接进行剥离和采矿的工作场所。由边坡、台阶和开采境界等要素组成
11.2.2 露天tr场边坡 open-pit slope
        露天矿场四周的倾斜表面。它是由许多已经结束剥采工作的台阶所组成的总斜坡
11-2.3露天矿场台阶 open-pit bench
        具有一定的高度、由独立的采掘及运输设备进行开采的各个水平分层或梯段 它由上部平台、
        下部平台、坡面、坡顶线、坡底线、坡面角和台阶高度等要素组成
11-2.4 露天开采境界 open mining limit
        按技术上的可能性与经济上的合理性对露夭采矿场所确定的最终可能达到的、由上部边界和
        下部边界所限定的采矿范围
11.3露天犷爆破测量 blasting survey of open mining
      在露天矿爆破工作的前、后所进行的测量工作之总称。主要包括:将设计炮孔位置标定于实地.爆
      破区的平面和高程测量，炮孔剖面测量和孔深测量，绘制爆破区的平面图和剖面图，测量爆破h
      新台阶剖面，打盲孔时的反位测量
11. 3.1炮孔位置测量 position survey of fire hole
        将设计图上的炮孔位置标定到实地的测量工作。
11.3.2 炮孔剖面测量 profile survey of fire hole
        测定通过炮孔中心并垂直千坡顶线的乘直断面的测量工作 其目的是确定炮孔爆破时的最小
          抵抗线位置，进而正确计算装药量。
113.3炮孔深度测量 depth survey of fire hole
          测定炮孔深度的测量工作。
11. 3.4爆破区平面测量 plane survey of blasting area
        测定爆破区的炮孔位置、孔间距离、靠近坡顶线的炮孔中心到坡顶线的距离以及爆破矿石抛掷
                                                                                                                                                                    I,少了
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GB/T 17228一1998
        范围内的建筑物的位置等的测量工作
11. 3.5爆破区高程测量 altimetric survey of blasting area
        测定炮孔所在的上、下平台的高程位置和爆破区平均高度的测量1-作
11-3.6 盲孔 blind hole
        在爆破下来的岩石还未清除的区域内凿出的新炮孔
11. 3.7 反位测量 inverse position survey
        在穿凿盲孔之前，在现场标定出上次爆破后冲线位置的测量工作们
11.4 排f_场侧量 waste dump survey
      为进行露天矿排土场的设计、选址和了解排土场使用现状等而进行的测量日乍。其中包括;测定
      排土场的面积和高度，计算排土场的接受能力.在现场标定排L场境界排土场的碎部i4IN量以及
      排土场的下沉和变形观测
11.4. 1排土场碎部测量 detail survey of waste dump
        在露天矿生产过程中，为了了解排土场的使用现状和制定安徘排弃岩上的计划而对排上场定
        期进行的碎部测量工作。其测绘内容有:排土场台阶的坡顶线和坡底线，排土场内运输线路的
        位置.排土场附近的勘探坑道和采样地点·排土场内的排水设施，排土场内的地类界或各种境
        界和排土场内下沉观测点的位置
11.4.2 排上场下沉和变形观测 subsidence and deformation observation of waste dump
        为了了解由干堆置在排土场上的松方岩石随时间逐渐压实而导致排上平盘发生的下沉和变形
        情况.对设置于排土平盘上的各测点进行观测，以求出各测点在某 一时段内的绝对下沉值并绘
          制下沉曲线图的测量工作。
11. 5边坡稳定性观mil observation of slope stability
      为判明各种工程的边坡或自然边坡的稳定性而进行的测量工作。
11.6露天矿碎部测量 detail survey of open-pit
      在露夭矿的勘探、建设和开采过程中.为了绘制矿山测量图而进行的包括测定地质勘探r作、采
      剥工作和爆破工作所涉及的对象、机械设备和地面建筑物的位置以及测量某地段的地形图等内
      容的测量工作。
11.7 采掘场验收测量 check-aceptance survey of open-pit
      露夭矿采掘完成以后 为统计采掘量而进行的外业测量和内业计算工作
1118露天矿矿图 opencast mining map
      在露夭矿勘探、建设和开采过程中，根据野外测量成果直接绘制的基本矿山测量图和根据基本矿
      山测量图编制的专用矿山测量图之总称。
11.8.1露天矿场综合地质图 complex geological map of open-pit
        用以表示露天矿矿场的设计最终境界位置及现状范围、各平台边坡位置及范围、矿场内各类
        探、采工程位置以及矿床和矿体的地质构造情况的一种露天采矿基本地质图件
11.8.2 }r土场平面图 waste dump plan
        表征排土场现状的平面图。其内容包括:排土场的范围，排上场内运输线路，排土场附近的勘探
        坑道和采样点，排土场内的排水设施，排土场内的地类界和其它境界以及排土平盘上的观测站
          和观测点，等等。
11-8.3 采剥工程综合平面图 synthetic plan of overburden engineering
        表示回采工程和剥离工程及其与之有关的各种现象的综合性平面图。其内容包括:露天矿的开
          采境界，各台阶的坡顶线和坡底线及其标高，各种矿柱边界，各种地质破坏，基本控制点和施工
        控制点 各竖直断面的断面线，建筑物、运输线路、贮水池及崩落区、水淹区以及其它重要地物
          的位置及其状况。
GB/T 17228 - 1998
12 物化探测量
12.1 物化探 geophysical and geochemical prospecting
      地球物理勘探(物探)和地球化学探矿(化探)的总称。
12.1.1地球物理勘探 geophysical prospecting
        以各种岩石和矿石的密度、磁性、电性、弹性、放射性等物理性质的差异为研究基础.用不同的
        物理方法和物探仪器去探测天然的或人工的地球物理场变化，通过对所获得的物探资料进行
        分析和研究，用以推断、解释地质构造和矿产分布情况的找矿勘探技术方法。
        I义词物探 geophysical prospecting
12. 1.2 地球化学探矿 geochemical prospecting
        通过系统地测量天然物质中的地球化学性质，发现与矿化或矿床有关的地球化学异常，)月以研
        究地质构造和矿产分布情况的找矿勘探技术方法
        同义词:化探 geochemical prospecting
12. 1. 3物化探工作比例尺 work scale of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
        为使物化探工作图件的比例尺与测网密度相适应而按“图r. 1 cm与实地的测网线距相当”的
        原则选定的物化探工作图件比例尺
12.2异常 anomaly
      由于地质体与作为背景的围岩存在着地球物理特性和化学特性的差异而引起的地球物理场变化
      和地球化学特征值的变异
12.2. 1地质体 geologic body
        地壳内占有 一定的空间和有其固定成份并可以与周围物质相区别的地质作用产物
12-2.2 异常体 anomalous body
        为达到普查勘探目的而寻找的具有物化探异常的地质体
12.2.3 矿异常 mineral anomaly
        由矿床、矿体和含矿地质体而引起的异常
12-2.4 非矿异常 nonmineral anomaly
        不是由于存在矿床、矿体和含矿地质体.而是由其它因素引起的异常。
12.2. 5重力异常 gravity anomaly
        地下物质异常或其密度分布不均匀而引起的重力值的变化
12.2.6 地磁异常 magnetic anomaly
        地球上某点处的地球磁场强度的实测值与理论值的差异
12-2.7 电性差异 electrical property contrast
        岩石与矿石的电化学活动性、导电性、介电性等电学性质的差别
12-2.8 异常波 anomalous wave
        人工地震波在遇到断层或界面挠曲等地下特殊的地质体而产生的诸如绕射波、回转波、断面反
        射波等这类与正常反射波在视速度或强度上有明显差异的波
12. 3物化探测网 observation-net of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
      在物化探中，由基线、测线和测点组成的测量网。
12. 3.1 物化探基线 baseline of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
        在物化探测量中，按设计要求沿一条直线布置的、由基点组成的基本控制线。它是物化探71 ?4网
        的干线。用它来控制测线，一般应与地质体轴线相平行
12-3.2物化探测线 measuring line of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
        酬勿化探中，按设计要求沿直线布置的、由观测点组成的观测线。它一般应与地质体轴线相
                                                                                                                                                                                ia帅
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GB/T 17228 -- 1998
          垂直
12-3.3物化探基点 base point of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
        在物化探中.为起算物化探异常值或进行物化探结果的改正而设置的特殊观测点
12-3.4 物化探基点网 base point net of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
        彼此之间经过联测的若干基点组成的物化探测网。
12.3.5物化探测点 station of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
        在物化探中，按设计要求布置的、供安置物化探仪器或其它附属设备等进行观测的点位
12.3.6 物化探异常点 anomalous point of geophysical and geochemical
        出现地球物理化学异常的测点
12.3.7规则测Jul  regular observation-net
        按照物化探工作比例尺所规定的测点点距、线距构成的矩形或方形测网
12.3.8 非规探测网 nonregular observation-net
        按照物化探工作比例尺所规定的测点密度，在一定范围内构成具有一定自由度的面积3}1测网
12.4 物化探测网的布设 observation-net layout of geophysical and geochemical prospection
      采用适当的方法，将根据物化探任务、工作比例尺和所研究异常的规模设计的物化探测网测设到
      实地的测量工作
12. 4.1 测网法 observation-net method
        将测线上的每个测点都按设计要求测设到实地上去的 一种物化探测网布设为法
12-4.2 控制Jul法 control net method
          在由测量人员布设的控制网的基础上，由物化探作业人员采用简易测量方法定出全部(或部
        分)测点的一种物化探测网布设方法。
12-4.3 控制线法 control line method
        用控制网法布设物化探测网的一种方法。它是在测区内沿测线方向布设若千条控制基线(相当
        于测网基线)，在控制基线上按控制线(相当于测线、的设计间距定出控制基汽。然后在两控制
        基线之间布置控制线，并在控制线L按测线间距定出控制点，而两控制点间的测点再由物化探
          作业人员用简易测量方法定出。
12-4.4 控制点法 。ontrol point method
          用控制网法布设物化探测网的一种方法。它是在测线上按设计要求的两相邻控制点的距离布
        设各控制点，而控制点间的测点由物化探作业人员用简易测量方法定出
12.4. 5物化探测网的连测 connection survey of geophysical and geochemical prospecting net
        为将物化探测网纳入国家统一坐标系中，以国家等级控制点和物化探加密控制点为基础，应用
          某些测量方法.测定测网网点平而坐标和高程的测量工作
12. 5物化探测网编号 number of geophysical and geochemical prospecting net
      按照规定格式和方法，对物化探测网中的测点和测线编定的号码。通常是以分式表示 其中分母
      代表测线号，分子代表测点号。编号顺序一般按由西向东、由南向北逐渐增大
12. 5.1连续编号法 continued numbering method
          测线和测点均按连续号码编号的一种物化探测网编号方法
12.5.2 双编号法 。ven-numbering method
          测线和测点均按偶数编号，而将奇数号码留给发现异常时需要加密测线和测点时使用的一种
          物化探测网编号方法。
12. 5. 3跳号法 jump numbering method
          在同一工区进行不同比例尺测网编号时，为使各比例尺侧网编号不致于混淆，而让同种比例尺
          测网的相邻测线和测点的编号间空余出相同间隔的号码.以使各比例尺测网分别占有各自的
GB/'r 17228一 1998
        编号而能相TL-区别的 一种物化探测网编号方法
12.6 物化探定位;1M1量 location survey of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
      按照规定的精度、采用一定的方法侧定物化探控制加密点或侧点的平面位置与高程的测量工作
12.6. 1航空像片定点 location by air photograph
        利用航空像片判定点位，通过航测内业解求点的三维坐标，以获得物化探加密控制点或测点的
        平面坐标和高程的物化探定位测量C
12.6.2 地形图定点 location by topographic map
        利用地形图判定点位，通过图卜量测平面坐标和读取高程，以获得物化探加密控制点或测点的
        平面坐标和高程的物化探定位测量
12. 7物化探剖面测量 profile survey of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
      为了了解物化探异常特性或研究已发现的物化探异常，进行定性的或定量的推断和解释而进行
      的勘探剖面测量工作。
12.7. 1物化探典型剖面 typical profile of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
        为了了解物化探异常特性，以定性解释为主或作概略定量推断解释为目的而布置的勘探剖面
12.7.2 物化探精测剖面 {ine-surveyed profile of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
        为了详细研究已发现的物化探异常，进行定量推断解释或确定物化探工程位置时布置的勘探
          剖面
12.8重力勘探测量 gravity prospecting survey
      重力勘探中所涉及到的测量工作 主要包括;将设计的测点位置布设在实地或者将实地测点位置
      测绘到图上，重力测量和为进行重力改正计算而进行的高程测量.建立测区的平面控制和高程控
      制以及测定重力基点的平面坐标和高程.根据一系列测点的异常值绘制布伽重力异常平面图和
      剖面平面图以及一些综合性图件
12.8门 重力勘探 gravity prospecting
        利用组成地壳的各种岩体、矿体的密度差异所引起的重力变化而进行地球物理勘探的一种技
        术方法。
12-8.2 重力测量 gravity measurement
        根据不同的目的和要求，利用重力测量仪器测定地球表面或近地空间某点重力加速度的技术
          和方法。
12-8.3绝对重力测量 absolute gravity measurement
        应用重力测量仪器直接测定地面点绝对重力加速度的重力测量
12-8.4 相对重力测量 relative gravity measurement
        利用重力仪、摆仪测定两地面点间重力加速度之差以推求未知傲重力加速度的重力测量
12-8.5重力总基.�,  total base station of gravity
        相对重力测量时的重力起算零点
12-8.6 重力基点 base station of gravity
        为了提高重力测量的精度和在一定时间内便于检查重力仪器的混合零点位移，在进行重力测
        5的重力测量之前，预先按高于一般测点2-3倍的精度测定其重力值的重力控制点
12-8.7重力基点网 base point net of gravity
        由重力基点所构成的重力测量控制网
12-8.8 辅助基‘!?;  additionnal base station
        为了弥补重力基点数量不足而布设的次 一级重力控制1久
12.8. 9重力iJ I点 gravity station
          仪为重力勘探而布设的Ef力观测点
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GB/r 17228一1998
12.8. 10重力测网 gravity net
          在重力勘探野外观测中，由一系列重力测点所构成的重力观测网 其规格和形状由勘探任务
          及勘探对象的大小和形状而定
12.8.11重力归算 gravity reduction
          将地面实测重力值归算到大地水准面上或其他参考面卜的过程
12. 8.12高度改正 height corection
          不考虑测点与归算面之间的岩层引力。而仅考虑测点的高度而进行的重力归算改正
        同义词:空间改正 space corection
12.8.13层rpl改正 plate corection
          把测点与归算面间的岩层视为无限延伸的、厚度与高度相应的平面层物质的情况下，为消除
          该平面层物质对重力观测值的影响而进行的重力归算改正。
12.8.14地形改正 topographic corection
          为消除测点周围地形起伏对观测结果影响而进行的重力归算改正。
12. 8. 15纬度改正 latitude corection
          为消除测点在不同纬度时由于正常重力场的变化所产生的影响而进行的重力归算改正
        同义词:正常重力改正 normal gravity correction
12. 8.16布格改正 Bouguer corection
          为消除测点与归算面间岩层质量的影响并将测点降到归算面上而进行的重力归算改正，即高
        度改正和层间改正之和。由法国天文学家、数学家布格(P. Bouguer,1698-1758)首先提出，
          故名。
12.8.17 八方位法 eight-direction method
          重力测量的地形改正方法之 一。它是以测点为中心，分别用3个同心圆环和8个方位将测点
          周围的地形分成24个扇形柱体，通过计算其各扇形柱体的地形改正数并求其和，以达到计算
          测点地形改正数之目的。
12.8.18方域法 square area method
          重力测量的地形改正方法之一 它是以测点为中心，将测点周围地形划分成若干方形柱体，通
          过计算各方形柱体的地形改正数并求其和，以达到计算测点的地形改正数之目的。
12.9磁法勘探测量 magnetic prospecting survey
      磁法勘探所涉及的各种测量工作。主要包括:建立磁法勘探的平面控制网和高程控制网，布设基
      线和测线网，进行测网的连测，进行测点的定位测量和勘探线的剖面测量。
12. 9.1磁法勘探 magnetic prospecting
        利用磁探仪器发现和研究由于自然界的岩石和矿石具有不同磁性而产生的地磁异常，进而寻
        找磁性矿体和研究地质构造的地球物理勘探方法。
12.9.2地磁要素 geomagnetic element
        表示地球磁场方向和大小的物理量。其中包括磁偏角、磁倾角、总磁场强度以及磁场强度的水
        平分量、北分量和垂直分量。确定某一点的磁场情况时，常用的是磁偏角、磁倾角和水平分量这
          三个要素
12. 9.3磁偏角 declination
          罗盘磁针在某地静止时的磁北针的指向相对于该地真子午线北方向的夹角。磁针偏于真子午
        线以东时为东偏，其角值为正;以西时为西偏，其角值为负。
12.9.4磁倾角 ，nclination
        地球表面某地的地磁场总强度矢量和水平面之间的夹角。地磁场强度方向在水平面之下时磁
          倾角为正;在水平面之上时磁倾角为负。
GB/T 17228一1998
12. 9. 5 地磁图 geomagnetic map
        表示某地磁要素在区域内分布规律的等值线图。它是根据区域内各地磁观测台站的观测数据
        编绘的 常用的有表征磁偏角、磁倾角、垂直分量及水平分量等要素的几种地磁图
12-9.6地磁基点 geomagnetic base station
        在磁法勘探中，为起算地磁异常值或进行磁测结果的各项改正，而在平稳地磁场中设置、以高
        精度磁力仪施测的特殊地磁观测点
12.97地磁基点网 geomagnetic base point net
        由彼此之问经过连测、使磁场值相互联系起来的若干基点组成的地磁控制网。
12.9.8地磁测点 geomagnetic station
        仅为磁法勘探而布设的、精度较低的一般地磁观测点
12.9.9 地磁测网 geomagnetic observation net
        由一系列地磁测点构成的磁法勘探测网。其规格和形状由勘探任务及勘探对象的大小和形状
          而定
12.9门0磁异常剖面图 profile of magnetic anomaly
        表示磁异常沿某一测线的变化规律的图件。在图上纵坐标代表磁异常强度，横坐标代表测点
          位置，并在剖面图下方附有与异常曲线相对应的地形、地质剖面及根据磁异常推断的地质剖
          面。
12. 9.11磁异常剖面平面图 profile of magnetic anomalies on plane
          用磁异常剖面表示测区内磁异常分布规律的一种图件。图中各测线的磁异常均用相应的剖面
          图表示在同一张平面图上。
12.9.12磁异常平面等值线图 isoline map of magnetic anomaly
          用磁异常等值线表示磁异常在平面上分布规律的一种图件。它由若干等值线构成 其中实线
          表示正值，点划线表示零值，虚线表示负值。
12.10 电法勘探测量 electrical prospecting survey
        电法勘探所涉及的各种测量工作。主要包括:建立电法勘探的平面控制网和高程控制网，布设基
        线和测线网，布设电测深的测点，进行测网的连测，进行测点的定位测量和勘探线剖面测量
12.10.1 电法勘探 electrical prospecting
          根据岩石和矿一石电学性质(如导电性、电化学活动性、导磁性和介电性)的差异来找矿和研究
          地质构造的地球物理勘探方法。
12. 10.2 电阻率法 resistivity method
          根据岩石和矿石导电性的差别，研究地下岩石、矿石电阻率的变化，进行找矿勘探的一组电法
          勘探方法。主要有剖面法和测深法两大类。
12.10. 3 电阻率剖面法 resistivity profiling method
          保持两供电电极之间的距离不变，并让测量电极与其一起移动，沿一定剖面方向逐点观测视
          电阻率，研究剖面方向地下一定深度的岩石、矿石电阻率沿水平方向变化的一组电阻率法勘
          探方法。根据电极排列方法不同，它又可分为对称剖面法、联合剖面法、偶极剖面法和中间梯
          度法
12-10.4 电阻率测探法 resistivity sounding method
          在地面的一个测点(即两测量电极的中点)上。通过逐次加大供电电极的极距大小，测量该点
          相对不同供电极距的视电阻率值，以研究该侧点下不同深度的地质断面情况的一类电阻率法
          勘探方法。
12. 10.5 激光极化法 induced polarization method
          根据岩石、矿石在人工电场一次场或激发场作用下产生的随时间变化的二次电场这种激发极
                                                                                                                                                                    1i3
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GB/T 17228一1998
          化效应 来寻找金属矿和解决水文地质、工程地质等问题的一组电化学勘探方法
12门0.6 充电法 "mise-a-la-mas5e "method
          将一个供电电极置于导电的研究对象 匕或其附近，并对其充电.另一供电电极置于无穷远处，
          观测研究该充电对象周围的电场分布特征或电场随时间变化规律的 一种电法勘探方法
12. 10.7 自然电场法 self-potential method
          利用地 「的一些岩石或矿石可以由氧化还原作用、地下水渗透作用、扩散作用和岩石颗粒的
          吸附作用等自然形成的电场为基础进行找矿勘探的 一种电化学勘探方法。
12-10.8 电极排列 electrode array
          在电法勘探中，供电电极和测量电极的排列关系c有剖面排列和测深排列两大类
12. 10.9 剖面排列 profile array
          在电法勘探中，供电电极和测量电极之间的距离保持不变而沿测线方向同时移动电极的电极
          排列 它是用来研究沿剖面方面电阻率变化的。按电极排列方式不同，可将其分为对称剖面
          排列、偶极剖面排列、联合三极剖面排列等
12.10.10 测深排}Aj  sounding array
          在电法勘探中，测量电极的中点(即记录点，与测点重合)保持不动，而供电电极的极距按 -
          定比例逐渐向两侧远移的电极排列 它是用来研究测深点下沿铅垂方向电阻率变化的 按
          电极排列方一式不同 可将其分为对称测深排列、三极测深排列、偶极测深排列
12.10.11 视电阻率 apparent
          在电阻率法勘探测量中.用以反映岩石和矿石导电性变化的参数 由于.在地下存在多种岩
          石的情况卜，用电阻率法测得的电阻率不是某一种岩石的真电阻率，它除了受各种岩石电阻
          率的综合影响外，还与岩石、矿石的分布状态、电极排列等具体情况等有关，故名
12.10. 12纵向电导平面图 longitudinal conductance plane
          根据各测深点的纵向电导值绘制而成的平面等值线图。用来定性表示高阻电性标准层的相
          对起伏，是电测深定性解释的一种图件
12.10.13纵向电导剖面图 longitudinal conductance profile
          以纵向电导值为纵坐标、以测深点为横坐标而绘制的一种电测深定性解释剖面图·用来直观
          地显示出标准层的起伏情况
12.10. 14 视电阻率等值线断面图 isoline profile of apparent resistivity
          根据同一剖面上不同测深点和不同极距的视电阻率值勾绘的等值线断面图 用来综合分析
          剖面上不同深度地电断面的特征和规律，是电测深定性解释的重要图件。
12.11地震勘探测量 seismic prospecting survey
        地震勘探所涉及的各种测量工作。主要包括建立地震勘探的平面控制网和高程控制网，布设地
        震测线和地震测网，布设地震观测点(包括激发点、检波点)，进行测网的连测，进行测点的定位
        il}l量和勘探线剖面测量。
12. 11. 1地震勘探 seismic prospecting
          利用人工激发的地震波在弹性不同的地层内的传播规律来勘探地下地质情况的地球物理勘
          探方法
12.11. 2 激发点 excited point
          产生人工地震波的震源或激发中心。
          同义词:炮点 shotpoint
12.11. 3 检波点 geophone point
          埋设检波器用来检测、记录地震波的点，与地震仪的记录道相对应
12.114 接收间隔 received distance
    114
GB/ T 17228一1998
          激发点到第一道检波点的距离
12-11.5道Itl1距 seismic-channel distance
          相邻两接收道(即两检波点)之间的距离
12-11.6炮检距 、hot-geophone distance
          激发点到某 检波点的距离〔
12. 11.7地震道 seismic-channel
          地震仪的检波器、放大系统和记录系统的总称。
12. 11.8炮点距 shot point distance
          相邻两个炮点之间的距离
12-11.9排'1  spread
          地震勘探工作中，每次观测时各检波器分布的长度和形式的总称。根据检波器分布的形式和
        激发点相对位置可将其排列分为不同类型，例如:纵排列、非纵排列、展开排列等。
12.11.10纵排列 extended spread
          激发点和检波点在同 一直线上的排列。根据激发点所在位置的不同，纵排列又可分为:端.4
          激发排列、中间激发排列、间隔激发排列、延长激发排列等
12.11. 11 非纵排列 broadside spread
          激发点与检波点未排列在一条直线上，并且激发点到检波点排列的垂直距离大于60米的排
          列。根据激发点的所在位置及排列形状，非纵排列又可分为I形排列、T形排列、扇形排列
            等。
12.11.12展开排列 expanding spread
          反射波法地震勘探中的一种专门获取有效速度资料的观测系统。其激发点和检波点的位置
          围绕同一个反射点而展开。
12.11.13观测系统图 observing system layout
          激发点与检波点排列之间的相对位置关系图。观测系统的形式很多 在反射波法中常用的
          有简单连续观测系统、间隔连续观测系统、重复追踪观测系统等。
13 地表移动观测
13.1地表移动 ground movement
      地下开采工作破坏了岩体内原有的初始应力场，使采空区周围的岩石乃至地表发生的移动现象
13. 1. 1 冒落 top failure
        地下坑道或采场的顶板岩石从整体岩层中分离并成块状破碎而从顶板自然塌落的现象
13. 1.2 片帮 side fals
        由于地压和地下水等因素的影响，坑道两壁或采场矿壁产生大片坍塌的现象。
13. 1. 3底板隆起 floor uplift
        在矿层底板岩石很软而倾角较大时，矿层采出后底板岩石向采空区凸起造成底板岩石移动的
          现象
13. 1.4地表倾斜变形 ground incline deformation
        在地表移动中，由于地表相邻点的下沉量不等而引起两点之间地表产生倾斜的地表移动现象
13.1.5地表曲率变形 ground curvature deformation
        在地表移动中，由于地表相邻线段的倾斜变形方向不同而引起地表弯曲的地表移7}i现象。
13.1.6地表水平变形 ‘round horizontal deformation
        在地表移动中.由于地表相邻两点水平移动量不等而引起地表的拉伸或压缩的地表移动现象
13.1.7 冒落带 top failure zone
                                                                                                                                                                  I里几
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GB/T 17228一1998
        采用全部垮落方法管理顶板时，回采工作面放顶后引起矿层顶板破坏而发生冒落的区域
13门·8 断裂带 breaking zone
        冒落带以上岩层发生垂直于层面的裂缝或断开和岩层顺层面离开但尚未坍落的区域。
13.19 弯曲带 curving zone
        断裂带以上岩层未发生断裂但在自重作用卜已发生法向弯曲的区域。
13.1门0 地表移动盆地 ground moving basin
          采空影响到达地表后，使受采动的地表从原有标高向下沉降而在采空区上方的地表形成的比
          采空区面积大得多的洼地。
13.1. 11 移动盆地主断面 main-section of moving basin
          通过采区中心并垂直于开采边界的断面
13.1.12 移动角 moving angle
          在移动盆地主断面上，采空区边界点和临界变形点的连线与水平线之间在矿壁一侧所构成的
          锐角。
13.1门3 边界角 boundary angle
          在移动盆地主断面上，采空区边界点和盆地的最外边界点的连线与水平线之间在矿壁 一侧所
          构成的锐角
13.2 地表移动观测工作 observation work of ground movement
      在采动范围内的地面上和岩层内部，按一定精度要求用专门的测量方法进行观测，以求得地表或
      岩层的移动和变形的测量工作。
13.2.1地表移动观测站 observation station of ground movement
        为进行地表移动观测工作而在选定地点设置的测站。
13.2.2地表位移观测 observation of ground displacement
        测定地表测点随时间而发生水平位移的位置、位移量和位移方向的测量工作
13-2.3 岩层移动观测 observation of rock layer movement
        为了掌握地下开采引起的岩层移动规律，在开采工作面周围、采区上部的巷道内和钻孔中，测
          定岩层随时间而发生移动的位置、位移量和位移方向的测量工作。
13. 2.4地表移动预计 prediction of ground movement
        根据已知的地质采矿条件，利用地表移动理论，在采矿之前预先对开采可能引起地表与岩层产
          生的移动和变形所进行的估计工作。
13.2.5地表移动曲线图 curve diagram of ground movement
        根据地表移动观测的结果绘制而成的、表征地表与岩层随时间移动和变形的各种曲线图之总
          称
13-2.6地表沉降观测 observation of ground setlement
          测定一定范围内地表测点的高程随时间的变化量的测量工作
13.2. 7 基岩标 bench mark on rock
        穿过松软岩层，埋设在基岩之上的地面水准观测标志
13.2. 8分层标 layer mark
        埋设在不同深度土层之中，用于分层监测土层变形量的观测标志
13.2.9地面沉降等值线图 isoline map of ground setlement
          利用地面沉降观测资料。以地面沉降等值线表示地面沉降变化的一种图件。
cs/T 17228  1998
  附 录 A
(提示的附录)
中 文 索 引
A
暗井 ·····························⋯⋯ 9. 2. 3
B
边坡稳定性观测
变形观测··⋯⋯
  11. 5
2.6.9
八方位法····················⋯⋯ 12. 8. 17
摆动锤投点·····················⋯⋯ 9. 5. 3
半仪器法定点··················⋯⋯ 5·5·2
爆破区高程测量 ·········。······⋯⋯ 11. 3. 5
爆破区平面测量 ·········，·····⋯⋯ 11.3.4
边角测量······················⋯⋯ 2.3. 3
边界角。·························⋯⋯ 13. 1. 13
剥采比 ··⋯⋯
剥离
录U土· 6.
布格改正 ···········⋯⋯’·‘’·’“·’‘’ 82.1 46
C
采剥工程综合平面图 ···········⋯⋯ 11. 8. 3
采场测量 ·······················⋯⋯ 11. 2
采掘场验收测量 ··················⋯⋯ n·7
采准坑道···。···················⋯⋯ 8.2. 3
参数平差 ·····················⋯⋯ 2.4. 12
测绘学························，····⋯⋯ 2.1
测绘仪器 ··。····················⋯⋯ 2. 10
测距仪·······················⋯⋯ 2.10.12
测量平差·························⋯⋯ 2. 4
测深排列 ················⋯⋯ 12. 10. 11
测网法 ························⋯⋯ 12.4. 1
层间改正·········，············⋯⋯ 12.8. 13
充电法······················⋯⋯ 12. 10.7
初步勘探···············。·⋯⋯“
储量计算·········⋯⋯”‘·’二’二‘二”‘
穿脉坑道·············⋯⋯“·‘·“’‘
穿越路线·········。······⋯⋯‘·‘’·’·’
磁法勘探 ········。·····⋯⋯’‘’“·
3.5.7
3. 7
8‘3.2
  5.4.1
12. 9. 1
磁法勘探测量 ··············，⋯⋯     12. 9
磁偏角
磁倾角
.9.3
。9:一
1()
论
9
12
此
磁异常剖面平面图
磁异常剖面图⋯⋯
磁异常平面等值线图
粗差········⋯⋯’二
‘9
4
粗略定向⋯ ;:.8
D
大地测量 ........................ 2.2.〕3
大地测量学·····················⋯⋯ 22
大地测量仪器 ··················⋯⋯ 2.10.1
大地天文测量 ··············⋯⋯2. 2. 14
大地原点·······················⋯⋯ 2.2.1
大地坐标系·，·····················。·⋯ 2.2.8
单向贯通 ···················⋯⋯ 10.1.2
导航星全球定位系统········。··⋯⋯ 2. 10, 24
导入高程测量····················⋯⋯ 9·8
导线测量························⋯⋯ 2.3.4
道间距·······················⋯⋯ 12. 11. 5
等高线 ······················⋯⋯ 2.5.10
                                                                          i17
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Gs!T 17228 - 1998
等权代替法 ···，··············⋯⋯ 2.4, 14
底板·............................ 8.4. 3
底板测点··················⋯⋯8.5.5
底板隆起 ··················⋯⋯ 13.1.3
地表沉降观测 ················⋯⋯ 13，2.G
地表揭露工程·....................6.2
地表揭露工程的测设············。···。⋯ 6.3
地表揭露工程的初测·············⋯⋯ 6.3.1
地表揭露工程的定测·············一 6.3.2
地表倾斜变形 ...................... 13. 1. 4
地表曲率变形 ·。··············⋯⋯ 13.1.5
地表水平变形 ········，·········⋯⋯ 13. 1. C,
地表位移观测 ·················⋯⋯ 13. 2. 2
地表移动 ······················⋯⋯ 13. 1
地表移动观测············⋯⋯，·⋯3. 6. 12
地表移动观测工作 ·············⋯⋯13. 2
地表移动观测站 ·................ 13. 2. 1
地表移动盆地·················⋯⋯ 13. 1. 10
地表移动曲线图 ········。···.·⋯⋯ 13. 2. 5
地表移动预计 ·，···············⋯⋯ 13.2.4
地磁测网 ····，·‘············⋯⋯ 12-9.9
地磁测点 ····················⋯⋯ 12. 9. 8
地磁基点 ·，············，···。···，·⋯ 12. 9. 6
地磁基点网 ·。··············⋯⋯ 12. 9. 7
地磁图 ，·············，。·。·····⋯⋯ 12. 9. 5
地磁要素 ··················⋯⋯ 12. 9. 2
地磁异常 ·····，··。············⋯⋯ 12. 2. 6
地方坐标系 ··················。⋯⋯ 2.2.n
地矿测绘························⋯⋯ 3.1
地理底图 ······················⋯⋯ 3. 2. 16
地理信息系统··········，······⋯⋯29
地貌·，····。····················⋯⋯ 25.9
地貌观察点·······，··········⋯⋯5.1.2
地面沉降等值线图 ····、·‘······⋯⋯ 13.2.9
地面摄影测量·················⋯⋯ 2. 7.4
地球化学探矿 ······。····。·····一 12.1.2
地球物理勘探 ·················⋯⋯ 12. 1. 1
地球资源卫星 ··············⋯⋯2. 7. 15
地图·························⋯⋯ 2.8. 1
地图编绘 ····················⋯⋯ 2.8.10
地图评价 ···················⋯⋯. 2.8. 12
地图清绘 ····················⋯⋯ 2.8.n
地图生产···············。·······⋯⋯ 2. 8.7
    118
地图投影·························⋯ ⋯ 2.8.8
地图学························，⋯ ⋯ 2. 8
地图制图学··················⋯⋯2.8
地物·······························⋯⋯ 2.5.8
地 厂找孔 ······················一 10. 1.，
地心坐标系···············‘····⋯⋯ 2，29
地形···················‘···...... 2. 5. 7
地形底图 ···············，····⋯⋯ 3. 2. 17
地形改正·.........................·一 12. 8. 14
地形剖面线···，················一 7.33
地形图 ............................ 2. o. 11
地形图定点 ·，···················⋯⋯ 12.6.2
地震道.......................·一 12. 11. 7
地震勘探····················⋯⋯ 12. 11. 1
地震勘探测量···，················⋯⋯ 12. il
地质报告·····，················⋯⋯ 3.8.5
地质编录·······，··················⋯⋯ 3.8
地质草图·················⋯⋯3. 2. 10
地质储量······，···，········，····⋯⋯ 3.75
地质点··························⋯⋯ 5.工
地质点标定··················⋯⋯ 5，:
地质点测量······················⋯⋯ 3.6.4
地质观察点············，······.·⋯⋯5.1
地质观察路线·················⋯⋯5.、
地质构造图 ······，············⋯⋯ 3.2.12
地质横剖面图··················一 7. 4. 8
地质勘探·······················⋯⋯ 3.3
地质勘探工程··，····，····、··，···⋯⋯ 3，3.2
地质勘探工程测量··············⋯⋯ 3.‘
地质矿产勘查测绘················，·⋯ 3. 1
地质略图·····················⋯⋯ 3，2.9
地质剖面·························⋯⋯ 7. 4
地质剖面测量····················⋯⋯ 3.66
地质剖面线 ··················⋯⋯ 7.4. 1
地质剖面图·················⋯⋯ 7. 4. 2
地质填图·........................3.2. 7
地质体 ·······················⋯⋯ 12. 2. 1
地质图 ··························⋯⋯ 3. 2. 11
地质纵剖面图····················⋯⋯ 74.9
典型剖面························⋯⋯ 7，4.6
点距····，·········，·············⋯ ⋯ 4.2. 5
点下对中························⋯⋯ 8，8.生
电磁波测距······。··············⋯⋯ 23.9
GB/'e 17228一1998
电磁波测距仪，·················⋯⋯ 2. 10. 13
电法勘探 ·····················⋯⋯ 12. 10. 1
电法勘探测量·，.··········，·‘·····⋯⋯ 12. 10
电极排列。····················⋯⋯ 12.10.8
电性差异 ····················⋯⋯ 12. 2. 7
电阻率测深法·················⋯⋯ 12. 10.4
电阻率法·····················⋯⋯ 12. 10. 2
电阻率剖面法·······。·········⋯⋯ 12. 10. 3
电子经纬仪 ·................... 2. 10. 5
吊锤投点····················⋯⋯ 9. 5. 1
顶板···························⋯⋯ 8. 4.2
顶板测点············、··········⋯⋯ 8.5. 4
定位系统······················⋯⋯ 2月。.23
定向连接测量·············，·····⋯⋯’二9·6
定向连接点·····················⋯⋯ 9. 4.2
定向水平························⋯⋯ 9东3
定向投影························⋯⋯ 95
定向误差 ······················⋯⋯ 9. 4. 10
酮室 ·······················⋯⋯ 8. 3. 10
独立坐标系 ·····，·，.·····，··⋯ ⋯ 2，2.12
断裂带 ····，···················⋯⋯ 13. 1. 8
F
反位测量
方域法·······，··············⋯⋯
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非规则测网
  11. 3. 7
12.8. 18
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分层标 ···，.········，.··········一
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13. 2. 8
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钢尺法·························⋯⋯ 9.8.2 贯通 ······················。···⋯⋯ 10. 1
钢丝法·········”·········”····⋯⋯ 9.8. 1 贯通测量·········，·············⋯⋯ 3. 6.，
跟踪数字化仪·················⋯⋯ 2.10. 26 贯通面 ························⋯⋯ 10.1. 1
高度改正···················⋯⋯ 1'2. 8. 12 贯通误差 ························⋯⋯ 10. 2
高度角··················，.·······一 2. 5. 2 贯通误差预计 ··········。······⋯⋯ 10. 2. 4
高程测量········，··········，⋯⋯2.3.6 惯性测量系统··············⋯⋯2. 10. 25
高程系统···，.··············⋯⋯ 2. 2. 7 观测系统图···········”··⋯⋯ 12. 11. 13
高斯平面坐标系············⋯⋯2.2. 10 光电测距 ····。············⋯⋯ 2. 3. 10
工程测量学··“··“···“·”·，“”·····⋯⋯ 2. 6 光学经纬仪 ···················⋯⋯ 2. 10. 4
工程地质测绘”······”·········，··⋯⋯ 3.2.4 光学遥感 ····················⋯⋯ 2. 7. 19
工程地质勘查·············，.··一 3.2.2 规则测网····价···········⋯⋯12. 3. 7
工程地质图.................... 3.2. 14   198。国家大地坐标系 ····。·”·····⋯⋯2. 2. 4
工程控制网”····”·····”····”··⋯2. 6. 1          1985国家高程基准 ···········⋯⋯2. 2. 6
工业储量·····价···········，.····⋯⋯ 3.7.6
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肮空摄影测量··。·········“··“:2. 7. 2 横断面图·················⋯⋯2. 6. 13
航空像片定点 ···”·····”···⋯⋯12.6.1 横向贯通误差 ···············⋯ 10. 2. 2
航天摄影测量”··”·············⋯⋯ 2.7.3 横向勘探线······················”⋯ 4. 2. 2
巷道。，.·，.··················“···“⋯ 8.3. 6 化探 ··············‘···········⋯⋯ 12. 1. 2
横断面测量 ·············“······⋯⋯ 2. 6. 11 环境资源信息系统·············。·⋯⋯ 2. 9. 2
                                                                                                                                                                                11自
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Gs/T 17228一1998
回采坑道·····················⋯⋯ 8. 2.4
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机助地图制图 ·················⋯⋯ 2.8. 13
基岩标 ······，·，·。···········一 13. 2. 7
激发点 ··················。··⋯⋯ 12. 11.2
激发极化法···············，···⋯⋯ 12.10.5
激光导向仪··················⋯⋯ 2. 10. 17
激光导向仪给向··············一 8. 8. 5
激光经纬仪 ·。·················⋯⋯ 2.10.6
激光铅垂仪····················一 2. 10. 15
激光水准仪··········。·········⋯⋯ 2.10.10
激光投点·······‘···············⋯⋯ 9，5.4
激光准直仪··········，·····。····⋯⋯ 2. 10. 16
n何定向·······”·”·······，····⋯ ⋯ 9. 4. 4
假彩色合成图像 ·················，⋯ 2·7.2。
检波点· ··“·······，·········⋯ ⋯ 12. 11. 3
间接平差 ·····················⋯⋯ 2,4. 12
建筑工程测量·····。··。·，·········⋯⋯ 2.6.4
交会测量··················，-····⋯⋯ 2.3.5
接收间隔”········，.···“···“··“·一 12. 11.4
解析测图仪·······“···“，··”··⋯⋯ 2. 10.20
解析摄影测量 ·················⋯⋯ 2·7·H
近井点··，’·········，.，··，········⋯⋯ 9.4. 1
近景摄影测量····················⋯⋯ 2，7.5
近坑点··‘··，···，················⋯⋯ 8.51
经纬仪 ················，···，···⋯⋯ 2. 10. 3
精测剖面·‘···。················⋯⋯ 7.4.4
精度估计·······················⋯⋯ 2. 4. 1
精密定向···，·，·。···············⋯⋯ 9. 4.9
情密度·············。···········⋯⋯ 2.4.9
井底乍场平面图···。·············⋯⋯ 9.9.3
井上井下对照图··················⋯⋯ 9.9.4
井探····························⋯⋯ 9. 1
井探工程··························⋯⋯ 9.2
井探工程测量···················⋯⋯ 3.6·8
井下高程测量·，·················⋯⋯ 9. 8. 3
绝对重力测量 ··············⋯⋯12.8. 3
竣工测量······················⋯ ⋯ 2，6.8
竣工总平面图 ········· ······⋯⋯ 2. 6. 14
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开采储量··············。········一 3，7，2
开发勘探·，-·····················⋯⋯ 353
开拓坑道··········”···”···‘·····⋯⋯ 8.2.2
勘探工程的偏离距············⋯⋯7.3. 5
勘探工程的投影距············”.⋯7. 3.6
勘探工程点”················⋯⋯6，1.1
勘探工程定位测量·············”··一 3. 6. 5
勘探工程定位点··“··············⋯⋯ 6.1
勘探基线····················，.·⋯ 4.2.1
勘探基线测量·······”········⋯⋯4.4. 1
勘探剖面············‘······、···，··，·⋯ 7.1
勘探手段························⋯⋯ 3. 3. 1
勘探网·‘··‘···‘··‘，.·····”··”····⋯⋯ 4.1
勘探网测量···“··············⋯⋯4.3
勘探网的布测·‘·”·。··········““。一3. 6. 3
勘探网的测设·····，.··“··”···⋯⋯4. 3.3
勘探网的设计·················⋯ ⋯ 4.3. 1
勘探网的展绘···············⋯⋯4.3·2
勘探网点······················⋯ ⋯ 4.1.1
勘探网度······················⋯ ⋯ 4.生3
勘探线······。···················⋯⋯ 4. 2
勘探线测量·············，.·········。·⋯ 4.4
勘探线基点·，···。····“·。·“···⋯⋯‘二4.2·4
勘探线剖面··。······。·······⋯⋯7. 1. 2
勘探线剖面测量··，···············⋯⋯ 72
勘探线剖面图······。·········+.⋯⋯‘二7.3
勘探线设计方位 ···············⋯⋯ 7. 2. 10
勘探线实测方位 ················⋯⋯ 7.2·11
坑道···········。··，-·············⋯⋯ 8. 2
坑道帮仁壁〕·。···。·“·。·“········⋯⋯ 8.4.1
坑道测点··························⋯⋯ 8. 5
坑道定线测量···············”⋯⋯8. 8. 1
坑道高程控制测量················⋯⋯ 8.6.2
坑道贯通 ··················。⋯ ⋯ 10. 1.5
12
GB/'r 17228一1998
坑道间贯通 ·。···················⋯⋯ lo. 1.6
坑道掘进测量·················⋯⋯ 8·8
坑道开切面·················⋯⋯8.4.6
坑道控制测量····················价·⋯ 8. 6
坑道坡度线·····················⋯⋯ 8.4.5
坑道坡度线标定··················⋯⋯ 8. 8.3
坑道平面控制测量·············⋯⋯8. 6. 1
坑道平面图······················⋯⋯ 8，9·2
坑道平面图测量··。·······。·⋯‘二’二8. 9. 3
坑道碎部测量···，.··············一 89
坑道验收丈量···················⋯⋯ 8. 8. 7
坑道要素·························⋯⋯ 8. 4
坑道腰线·······”···············⋯⋯ 8.4. 6
坑道腰线点·····················⋯⋯ 8. 5. 7
坑道中线·············，.··········⋯⋯ 8.4.4
坑道中线标定··················⋯⋯ 8.8.2
坑道腰线标定·················⋯ ⋯ 8. 8. 3
坑道中线桩·····················““·8. 5. 6
坑口校正点··········”··”·····⋯⋯ 8.5.3
坑口位置点····“··””···········⋯⋯ 8.5.2
坑口位置点布设····”···”·····，·⋯⋯ 8.7.1
坑口位置点测量“··············⋯ ⋯ 8.7
坑口位置点的定测···········“·一 8.7.2
坑内空桐测量·······“”·········⋯⋯ 8.9. 1
坑探·············””··············⋯⋯ 8.1
坑探工程····················“··“⋯ 8.3
坑探工程测量······，.·······””一 3. 6. 7
空间大地测量 ········“·“”··⋯⋯2.2. 15
空间改正···“······”·········⋯⋯ 12.8.12
空中三角测量”··········，-·······一 2. 7. 9
孔斜···················””··⋯ ⋯ 6.4.4
控制测量··························⋯⋯ 2.3
控制点法 ···················⋯⋯ 12.4. 4
控制网法 ······················⋯⋯ 12. 4. 2
控制线法 ·····················⋯⋯ 12. 4. 3
矿层顶〔底)板等高线图·····。······⋯⋯ 3. 8. 4
矿产储量························⋯⋯ 3. 7.1
矿产分布图····················⋯⋯ 3.生2
矿产勘探··························⋯⋯ 3.5
矿产普查 ·········‘··············⋯⋯ 3.1
矿产图························⋯⋯ 3. 4. 1
矿场平面图·······，.·。·····⋯⋯‘二’二9.9·2
矿床····························⋯⋯ 5.3
矿床地质图··················。···⋯⋯ 3.5·4
矿带···························⋯⋯ 5.3.2
矿点··························⋯⋯ 5. 2. 2
矿化带·························⋯⋯ 5. 2. 4
矿化点······················。··⋯⋯ J.2.3
矿脉···········价················⋯⋯ 5. 3. 3
矿苗············”·············⋯⋯ 5.2.1
矿区地形测量 ··················⋯⋯ 3.6.2
矿区地形图···”················⋯ ⋯ 9. 9. 1
矿区勘探工程分布图·············⋯⋯ 3.5.5
矿区控制测量············“·，·⋯⋯3·6·1
矿山测量·····················⋯⋯ 26.5
矿山测量图·····················，-·⋯ 9·9
矿山经纬仪 ···················⋯⋯ 2. 10. 8
矿山坑道··············”······ ·⋯ ⋯ 8.2. 1
矿体·························⋯⋯ 5. 3. 1
矿体(层)等厚线图···········，··⋯⋯ 38. 3
矿异常 ························⋯⋯ 12. 2. 3
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连续编号法 ···”················一 12. 5. 1
联系三角形法········，.·····⋯ ⋯ 9. 6. 2
联系四边形法·，.···““·““·”···⋯⋯9. 6. 3
两井定向··““··“···”·········⋯ ⋯ 9.4. 7
陆地卫星 ··”···············⋯ ⋯ 2. 7. 15
露天采矿 ···············“······⋯⋯ 11. 1
露天矿爆破测量 ···············⋯⋯. 11.3
露天矿测量 ··············“··⋯⋯ 3. 6. 10
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排列··。·················”··⋯⋯ 12. 11. 9 剖面测站点·····⋯⋯
排土场测量 ······”·········⋯⋯11. 4 剖面点·“······⋯⋯
排土场平面图···············一 n.8.2 剖面点测量····⋯⋯
排土场碎部测量 ····。·······⋯⋯11.4. 1 剖面定线··，.·····⋯⋯
排土场下沉和变形观测 ····”···⋯⋯ 11.4. 2 剖面定向点·····⋯ ⋯
炮点····，······················⋯⋯ 12.11. 2 剖面端点····，··⋯ ⋯
炮点距····················，-⋯ 12. 11. 8 剖面工程点·····⋯⋯
炮检距·······，··············⋯⋯ 12. 11. 6 剖面控制测量·····一
炮孔剖面测量 ········，.········⋯⋯ 11. 3. 2 剖面排列······⋯⋯
炮孔深度测量 ...................... 11. 3. 3 剖面投影平面图··⋯⋯
炮孔位置测量 ···“···········⋯ ⋯ 11.3.1 剖面图垂直比例尺⋯
片帮····················⋯⋯13. 1. 2 剖面图高程比例尺⋯⋯
平板仪测量···················⋯⋯ 2. 5. 6 剖面图水平比例尺 ⋯
平蛔·························⋯⋯. 8. 3. 3 剖控点·······。·⋯ ⋯
平巷····························⋯⋯ 8. 3. 7 普通测量学······⋯⋯
平面图·························⋯ ⋯ 2.8.4 普通地图········一
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三边测-ht....... ....................2.3.2
三角测量··，··················⋯⋯2. 3. 1
三角高程测量···············⋯⋯2. 3. 8
扫描数字化仪················⋯ ⋯ 2. 10.27
上山 ··························⋯⋯ 8. 3. 12
设计储量.· ................······⋯ ⋯ 3. 7. 3
摄影测量······················⋯⋯ 2. 7. 1
摄影测量仪器·················⋯⋯ 2. 10. 18
摄影测情与遥感学·················⋯⋯ 2.7
甚长基线干涉测量 .................. 2. 2. 17
施 「测量·······················⋯⋯ 2. 6. 7
施工坐标系·····················⋯⋯ 2. 6.2
石巷···························⋯⋯ 8. 3.9
石门··························⋯ ⋯ 8. 3.8
实测剖面······················⋯⋯ 7. 4. 3
视电阻率 ·。·················⋯⋯ 12.10.11
视电阻率等值线断面图 ，.······⋯⋯ 12. 10. 14
数字测图仪·················⋯ ⋯ 2. 10. 21
数字地面模型 ·················⋯⋯ 2. 7. 13
数字地图··················⋯⋯ 2·&6
数字摄影测量 ·············“·⋯⋯2. 7. 12
数字摄影测量工作站····“·····⋯ ⋯ 2. 10. 22
竖井···························⋯⋯ 9.2.1
竖井定向测量·····················⋯⋯ 9·4
竖井贯通 ···。·。···············⋯ ⋯ 10. 1. 7
竖向贯通误差 ··················⋯⋯ 10. 2. 3
竖井间贯通 ···················⋯⋯ 10.1.8
9井联系测量···············⋯⋯’·“二9. 3
双编号法 ·····················⋯⋯ 12. 5.2
水利工程测量····················⋯⋯ 2.56
水平地质剖面图 ···············⋯⋯ 7·4. 10
水平角························⋯⋯ 2.51
水平勘探剖面················⋯⋯7. 1. 1
水文地质测绘....................... 3. 2. 3
水文地质观察点·················⋯⋯ 5.11
水文地质勘查···················4⋯⋯ 3·乙]
水文地质图 ····················⋯⋯ 3. 2. 13
水准测量········，···············⋯⋯ 2.3. 7
水准仪 ························⋯⋯ 2. 109
水准原点······················⋯⋯ 2.22
随机误差······················⋯⋯ 2.4.2
随手剖面·······················⋯⋯ 7. 4. 5
碎部测量·······················⋯⋯ 2.5.5
隧桐.....................······⋯⋯ 8.3.5
缩放仪 ·········，·······。······⋯⋯ 2.10.30
T
探槽······”····················⋯⋯ 6. 2.1
探坑”···························⋯⋯ 6.2，5
天顶距··························⋯⋯ 2. 5.3
天井·······，.················⋯⋯ 9. 2.4
条件平差 ··。················⋯⋯ 2. 4. 13
跳号法 ·······················。·⋯ 12.5. 3
同向贯通 ······················⋯⋯ 10.1. 3
图根控制测量··················⋯⋯ 2·5·4
图切剖面·························，·⋯ 7. 4.7
土地信息系统··················⋯⋯ 2.9.飞
陀螺定向测量················.·.⋯⋯9. 7
陀螺定向误差········。··········⋯⋯ 9卜7.5
陀螺方位角··········。······⋯⋯9.7.2
陀螺经纬仪 ····················⋯⋯ 2. 10. 7
陀螺仪子午线····················⋯⋯ 9. Z.1
W
13. 1. 9                                 2.2
。
︸
二
弯曲带
微波测距
微波遥感
纬度改正····⋯⋯ ‘二”””.”’
:.:.
2
9.5.2
12. 8. 15
卫星大地测量 ⋯
卫星激光测距 ⋯
稳定锤投点·⋯⋯
物化探 ····⋯⋯ 19 ]
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GB/'r 17228一1998
物化探基点 ，·⋯ 12 a i
泪
川
翻
阴
地
托
物化探测点
物化探测量
物化探测网
物化探测网编号
物化探测网的布设
物化探测网的连测
物化探测线
物化探典型剖面
物化探定位测址
物化探 上竹三比例尺
    1艺 3.5
    3.6.11
        12 3
        12. 5
        12. 4
      12. 4.5
    12.3. 2
      12. 7.1
        12.6
      12.1.3
物化探基点网 ⋯
物化探基线 ⋯⋯
物化探精测剖面
物化探剖面测量
物化探异常 ⋯⋯ 12.3.6
物理定}a1...............·····，··，⋯⋯ 9. 4 )
物探 ····。·····················⋯⋯ 12. 1.1
误差椭圆························一 2.4.8
X
1980西安坐标系 ·················。·⋯ 2.2.4 像片地质解释····················⋯⋯ 3. 2. 6
系统误差······················⋯⋯ 2魂3 像片调绘························一 2. 78
下山 ····················，·····⋯⋯ 8. 3. 13 像片纠正······················⋯⋯ 2. 7. 6
限夕.............................. 2. 4. 5 像片判读·······················⋯⋯ 2. 7. 7
线距··························⋯⋯ 4.1.2 小圆井··························⋯⋯ 6. 2. 3
线路测虽·······················⋯⋯ 2. 6. 3 斜巷 ··························⋯⋯ 8. 3. 11
相对误旅········，···············⋯⋯ 2. 4. 6 斜井···。························⋯⋯ 9. 2. 2
相对重力测量 ···············一 12. 8. 4 斜坑···················，··⋯⋯8.3.4
相向贯通 ·........................ 10.1.4 漩岔放样·····················。·⋯⋯ 8. 8. 6
详细勘探···················⋯⋯ 3.5.2
                                                                      Y
岩层移动观测 ················⋯⋯ 13. 2. 3 移动角·······················⋯⋯ 13. 1. 12
沿脉坑道···················⋯⋯8.3.1 移动盆地主断面·············⋯⋯13. 1.州
遥感 ···················”·····⋯⋯ 2. 7. 14 异常 ········，················⋯⋯ 12. 2
遥感地质························⋯⋯ 3. 2.5 异常波 ·······················⋯ 12.28
遥感模式识别 ················⋯⋯ 2. 7. 17 异常体 ····················.⋯⋯ 12.2.2
遥感图像处理 ················⋯⋯ 2. 7. 16 影像地图·······，.···· ···‘·、···一 2. 8. 5
野外地质图·····················⋯⋯ 3. 2. 8 影像地质图 ····················⋯⋯ 3. 2. 15
一井定粉........······。··”，.一 9.4.6 远景储量···········。···。··。···⋯⋯3. 7.4
仪器法定点····················⋯ ⋯ 5. 5. 3
                                                                        Z
找矿标志·························⋯⋯ 5. 2 中天法··························⋯⋯ 9. 7. 3
展开排列 ·············。······⋯⋯ 12. 11. 12 中误差·························⋯⋯ 2. 4. 7
  正常重力改正·············“···一 12. 8. 15 重力测点 ·····················。·⋯ 12. 8. 9
  直接平差 ··········。··。········⋯⋯ 2. 4. 11 重力测量 ······················⋯⋯ 12.8. 2
制图综合，·······················⋯⋯ 2. 8. 9 重力测网···················⋯⋯ 12. 8. 10
Gs/'r 17228- 1998
重力归算······················⋯⋯ 12.8. 11
重力基点 ···················⋯⋯ 12. 8. 6
重力基点网 ····················⋯⋯ 12. 8. 7
重力勘探 ······················⋯⋯ 12.8. 1
重力勘探测量 ·················一 128
重力仪 ························⋯⋯ 2. 10. 2
重力异常 ···············。·····⋯⋯ 12. 2. 5
重力总基点 ·················⋯⋯ 12. 8. 5
专题地图······”·················⋯⋯ 2.8. 3
追索路线·························一 5.4.2
准确度 ····················⋯⋯ 2. 4. 10
自动安平水准仪··············⋯⋯ 2. 10. 11
自动绘图机·····。·············⋯⋯ 2. 10. 28
自然电场法····················⋯⋯ 12. 10. 7
纵断面测量 ··········“·······⋯ ⋯ 2. 6. 10
纵断面图 ······················⋯⋯ 2.6.口
纵排列 ·····················⋯⋯ 12. 11. 10
纵向电导平面图 ·············⋯⋯ 12. 10. 12
纵向电导剖面图 ···············，·⋯ 12. 10.上3
纵向贯通误差 ，·················⋯⋯ 10. 2. 1
纵向勘探线······················⋯⋯ 4. 2.3
钻孔·····························⋯⋯ 6. .1
钻孔顶角·，·····················⋯⋯ 6. 1. 1
钻孔方位角·····················⋯⋯ 6.尔2
钻孔倾角·······················⋯⋯ 6. 1. 3
钻孔位置测量·······。··。·······⋯⋯‘二‘·吕
钻孔位置的初测··················⋯⋯ 6二 1
钻孔位置的定测···············一 6. 5. 3
钻孔位置的复测·················⋯⋯ 6. 5.艺
钻孔柱状图···················⋯⋯ 3.8，2
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cs/T 17228一1998
  附 录 s
  〔提示的附录)
英 文 索 引
A
absolute
accident
gravty measurement
error
12.8.3
  2. 4. 2
accuracy
additionnal base station”.··..··.··一。·。··..·⋯⋯。·。...·.⋯⋯。⋯。............⋯⋯ 。⋯
adit
adit. breakthrogh·····”································，·············..⋯⋯
adit factor
adit layout survey
adit plan
adit plan survey
adit prospecting
adit prospecting engineering
adit prospecting engineering survey
adit station
adit wall·.····...··⋯⋯，········.····......................................·········.········⋯ ⋯
aerophotogrammetry
aero triangulation
2. 4. 10
12. 8. 8
10
8 8. 1
8.9，2
8。9‘3
8.l
    8 3
3 6 了
    8.5
8. 4. 1
2. 7. 2
atimetric survey of blasting area····································，··，·。‘·‘···‘二
  2. 7. 9
11.3，污
altitude angle ······································“，.···，.，’·”，’·········⋯⋯ 2.5.2
apparent ‘·⋯’二‘’·‘二’···⋯⋯’二’⋯“‘二’⋯ “4·‘·’·一 ’.’⋯， ’.·‘:. ’·⋯⋯‘·，·，··.··，·⋯ 12·土〔)11
approach point of adit·· ·。·”···“···”···········，····‘，··，·，····················⋯⋯ 8. 5.土
approach point of shaft  .......................................................·一 9. 4. 1
analog photogrammetry·‘·，.‘·，····················”···········‘·············⋯⋯ 2. 7. 10
analogue ploter 。···················⋯⋯’·⋯ ⋯’‘“‘·························⋯⋯ 2. 10. 19
ana场tical photogrammetry ·····”·············································⋯⋯ 2.7.11
analytical plotter··。···。·············。············‘····························⋯⋯ 2. 10. 20
anomal卜 ···················，.················· ·······························⋯⋯ 12. 2
anomalous body······················。·································，····⋯⋯ 12. 2. 2
anomalous point of geophysical and geochemical prospecting·······················⋯⋯ 12. 3. 6
anomalous wave··。·····..·...··..······。·········。··············⋯ ⋯。···.···.··.·一 12. 2. 8
automatic levd ······。···.···...··.···················。···.· ·········.·····。·⋯⋯ 2. 10.n
automatic plotter·。··。·························，····，··························⋯⋯ 2. 10. 28
azimuthal angle of bare hole ·················································⋯⋯ 6.4.2
B
baseline of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
  ]I IS
                                                        12. 3.1
GB/T 17228一1998
一﹄一
base point net of gravity
base point net of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
base point of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
base station of gravity
Beijing Geodetic Coordinate System 1954 ·······································⋯⋯ 2. 2. 3
bench mark on rock ，.····..·······...······。·························。·······⋯⋯ 13. 2. 7
blasting survey of open mining ·············································、·⋯ ⋯ 11. 3
blind hole ··································································⋯⋯ 11. 3. 6
blind shaft···············”···············‘···································⋯⋯ 9. 2. 3
bore hole  ........····。··⋯⋯，.···········.·····.·⋯⋯。.····⋯ ⋯‘···········.····。二 6. 4
bore hole columnar section.·⋯⋯ “···················。··································..···.··⋯⋯ 3. 8. 2
Bouguer correction ············”···”··+.··········，.························⋯⋯ 12. 8. 16
boundary angle····································”·····，················⋯⋯ 13. 1. 13
breakthrough ...................................................................... 10.1
breakthrough between adits························”··························⋯⋯ 10. 1. 6
breakthrough between shafts ···。·················。··········。···················⋯⋯ 10.1.8
breaking zone···············”。·································，····”······⋯⋯ 13. 1. 8
broadside spread·····················。····································⋯⋯ 12. 11. 11
building works survey·“··········，.。·····················“·····················⋯⋯ 2. 6. 4
C
calculation of reserves···，-······················，.···················，··········⋯⋯ 3.7
cartology ···········””·····“······················，··························⋯⋯ 2. 8
cartography ························“·········。······························⋯⋯ 2.8
cartographic generalization .................................................... 2. 8. 9
center line of adit·······“·····················································⋯⋯ 8.4.4
centring under point ····”。·”·········，.·························”············⋯⋯ 8. 8.4
chamber ····································。·..······........·········。···········。·············.·.······⋯⋯ 8. 3. 10
check-acceptance survey of open-pit·····，.，.·········“···················一 11. 7
close-range photogrammetry·····”························”·········⋯⋯2. 7. 5
complex geological map of open-pit ···，···································⋯⋯ 11-8.1
Computer Assisted Cartograp厅;CAC···············“······················⋯⋯ 2. 8. 13
condition adjustment····“········································，.··。·········⋯⋯ 2. 4. 13
connection point for orientation··············································⋯⋯ 9. 4.2
connection quadrangle method ·········”···············，-····················⋯⋯ 9. 6. 3
connection survey of orientation ······································，.····..·⋯⋯ 9. 6
connection survey of geophysical and geochemical prospecting net ··········。······⋯⋯ 12. 4. 5
connection triangle method···········，.····，·，··，·························，·⋯⋯ 9. 6. 2
constructional coordinate system ·，.·“························“·······⋯⋯ 2. 6. 2
constructional survey ············，.··“······· ，.，.·4“··， ·················⋯⋯ 2. 6. 7
continued numbering method ·································“·····，·····⋯⋯ 12.5. 1
control line method  .........................................···· ····· ·，. ·12. 4. 3
contour map of seam roof(floor)····················“·······················⋯⋯ 3.8. 4
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GB/T 17228一1998
control not method······。············，’·，···，····························。···························⋯ ⋯
control point method·····。·················，··································⋯⋯
control survey of mining area················································。····⋯⋯
control survey of adit
control survey
:i.
contour line···..········。··············································································，.⋯ ⋯
Cr门SS ,,it
2. 5. 10
  只 3，8
此
月
Cro55-- tn- profile
survey
2.6.
cross-section 2‘6.
correction
cnrrec幸Inn
point. for adit position
pile of reobservation
3
:一4
l3
l3
curvin g zone 1.9
cu rve diagram of ground movement 2.5
cutting face of adit                                                               8.4.6
D
damping-bob shaft plumbing··············································⋯⋯ 9. 5. 2
dedmatron ···。·······。··..·····⋯⋯。····..·····.···.·⋯⋯。.·······..⋯ ⋯”········.···············⋯⋯ 12. 9. 3
deformation observation···········································“··········⋯⋯ 2. 6. 9
density of prospecting net·····。······“·········，.·····。······················⋯⋯ 4.1.3
deposits···········································，························，·⋯⋯ 5. 3
depth survey of fire hole·····················································⋯⋯ 11. 3. 3
design direction of prospecting line···························“··········”···⋯ ⋯ 7. 2. 10
design of prospecting net  ""0...."················                     ..··············价·········⋯⋯                           4.3.1
designing reserves ···························································⋯⋯ 3. 7. 3
detail········。···。············。···················。⋯⋯. 。····.。·⋯⋯”.······.···⋯⋯ 2. 5.8
detail survey··。·····.“·····················”······························⋯⋯ 2.5.5
detail survey of open-pit ···”··············································⋯⋯ 11. 6
detail survey of waste dump···········································.·.·.·.⋯⋯ 11.4. 1
detail survey of adit·················。···································⋯⋯. 8. 9
detailed prospecting·······································”················⋯⋯ 3. 5. 2
determination of geological point·······“·······························⋯⋯ 5. 5
developing adit············”····················“·····”··，.················⋯ ⋯ 8. 2. 2
deviation distace of prospecting engineering ···················”·······，.···”···一 7.3.5
digital map ·······························································⋯⋯ 2.8.6
distance measuring instrument ·····“·········“································⋯⋯ 2. 10. 12
digital plotter ························································⋯⋯ 2. 10.21
digital photogrammetry····································，.。，·，··，.····⋯⋯ 2. 7. 12
digital photogrammetric station·························“·····。·············⋯⋯ 2. 10. 22
Digital Terrain Model旧TM ·············。········，.·，’·“····················⋯⋯ 2.7. 13
dip angle of bore hole····，.···············································⋯⋯，·⋯ 6. 4. 3
direct adjustment ···，.··，··，·········、·······································⋯⋯ 2.4. 11
distribution map of prospecting engineering in mining area··························⋯⋯ 3. 5. .5
    SYft
GB/T 17228一1998
drawing of prospecting net t. :; 。
drift 8. 3.3
driving survey of adit     8.8
dyke adit                                                               8.3.1
E
earth resource tenology satelite··············································⋯ ⋯ 2. 7. 15
eight-direction method····················································⋯⋯ 12. 8. 17
electrical property contrast·············，······································⋯⋯ 12. 2. 7
electrical prospecting survey  ...................................................... 12. 10
electrical prospecting ························································⋯⋯ 12. 10. 1
electrode arrag···························································⋯ ⋯ 12. 10. 8
Electro-magnetic Distance Measure anent ;EDM ·························”·····.·.··⋯⋯ 2. 3. 9
electronic theodolite ··，.······················································⋯⋯ 2. 10. 5
electro-optical distance measurement·····································⋯⋯ 2. 3. to
electro-magnetic ditance measuring instrument·································⋯⋯ 2. 10. 13
elementary surveying ···，.·································，···················⋯⋯ 2. 5
engineering control network ··“·······“······································⋯⋯ 2. 6. 1
engineering for unmask ground···················································⋯⋯ 6. 2
engineering-geological investigation·············································⋯⋯ 3. 2. 2
engineering-geological mapping·············“·············。··············⋯⋯3.2.4
engineering-geological map ·····································。··········⋯⋯ 3. 2. 1.1
engineering surveying ̂ ..............‘..⋯ ⋯ ‘·⋯ ‘.“·.··.····.·.··.······。·.··········⋯ ⋯ ，··········⋯ ⋯ 2. 6
enviranwental resources information system ·····································⋯⋯ 2. 9. 2
error elipse ···············································。················⋯⋯ 2. 4. 8
estimation of through error·············································，··⋯⋯ 11. 2. 3
excited point··············· ·······························。··，.···········⋯⋯ 12.11. 2
12Ml0
expanding spread
extended spread
extraction reserves
even-numbering method
  3.7.2
12.5. 2
F
false colour composite imagery ···。·····················，······，···········⋯⋯ 2. 7. 20
field geological map·······，.··················································⋯⋯ 3. 2. 8
final survey of engineering for unmask ground ·····················“。············⋯⋯ 6. 3. 2
final survey of bore hole position“····································⋯⋯6. 5. 3
finding hole under ground·················································。⋯ 10. 1. 9
fine-surveyed profile ··························。·······。············...·.·.⋯⋯ 7.4.4
fine-surveyed profile of geophysical and geochemical prospecting···················⋯⋯ 12. 7. 2
finish construction survey ···“················································⋯⋯ 2. 1.3.8
月oor ··············。···················。························。··⋯ ⋯，·。·。·⋯⋯ 8.生.、之
floor station ·································································⋯⋯ 8. 5_5
                                                                                                                                                                                Iri
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GB/T 17228一1998
floor uplift }3 i
footage measurement of checking adit                                                               8.8。7
free hand profile
future reserves
                                                                  7 4 污
                                                                  3.7 牛
G
galery ········································。·························⋯⋯ 8. 3. 7
Gauss Plane Coordinate System ·················，········，·········，············⋯⋯ 2. 2.10
general map ·······。··。·············································，·····⋯⋯ 2. 8. 2
general plan of finish construction·····························。·····，.········⋯⋯ 2. 6. 14
geochemical prospecting ······················································，⋯ 12. 1.2
geocentric coordinate system ·，·················································⋯⋯ 2. 2.，
geodesy··········。····················································· ··，一 2. 2
geodetic astronomy ············。····，.·········································。二2. 2. 14
geodetic coordinate system ··············································、···‘·⋯ 2. 2. 8
geodetic instrument ·············。········································⋯⋯ 2.10.1
geodetic origin···········。···········“··············‘······‘····，···‘··，···⋯⋯ 2. 2. 1
geodetic survey ·······················⋯⋯‘···························“··⋯ ⋯ 2. 2. 13
geographic base map···························‘··· “··‘，“·”···”·，··········⋯⋯ 3. 2. 16
Geographical Information System;GIS··········。·································，·⋯ 2. 9
geological interpretation of photograph ·”‘··”，···········，·····················⋯⋯ 3.2.6
geological body ···，.·································⋯⋯‘·⋯‘二‘·⋯‘二’·‘二’二‘二’·’12. 2. 1
geological cross section map ·”··”·····、··，··············，········“·········⋯⋯ 7. 4. 8
geological map ················································”··”········⋯⋯ 3. 2. I l
geological map of ore deposits ··································“···········⋯⋯ 3. 5. 4
geological mapping ···⋯⋯ ‘·⋯‘二’二‘二’二‘二’·⋯ ’...................””‘’‘”’.’二’二’·⋯’3. 2. 7
geological point ····。·········，·”···················，-·························⋯⋯ 5. I
geological point survey ···。··················，······························⋯⋯ 3. 6. 4
geological profie ··································。····““······················⋯⋯ 7. 4
geolo彭cal prospecting en翻neering·····················。······················⋯⋯ 3. 3. 2
geological prospecting engineering survey ··“·····································⋯⋯ 3. 6
geological profile survey···················································⋯⋯ 3. 6. 6
geological profile line ·······················································⋯⋯ 7.土1
geological profile map···。······。···········································‘·⋯⋯ 7. 4. 2
geological record······。···，····················，····························。·⋯⋯ 3. 8
geological report·······，··。·····················。·················，·‘·，，‘······一 3. 8.5
geological reserves ···············································⋯ ⋯‘····⋯ ⋯ 3. 7. 5
  geological scheme····“。·“”。······················，.·······，···，····‘··‘···‘··一 3. 2. 9
  geological sketch map ····················“···”·····························⋯⋯ 3. 2.」。
  geological tectonic map················。·····”····‘··，··········‘，·‘··，·········。⋯ 3. 2. 12
  geomagnetic base point net···············”···························.·······⋯⋯ 12. 9. 7
  zeomagnetic base station ············、········、····‘，··，··，···············⋯⋯ 12. 9. 6
  geomagnetic element···············································。····⋯⋯ 12. 9. 2
      ‘福从
GB/T 17228一1998
geomagnetic map ····。·······················································⋯⋯ 12.，.5
geomagnetic observation net···················································。·⋯ 12. 9. 9
geomagnetic station ······················································⋯⋯ 12. 9.8
geometric orientation ·······⋯⋯‘···············一 ‘···········，··············⋯⋯‘··⋯ 9.七4
geophysical and geochemical prospecting ··························。··············⋯⋯ 12. 1
geophysical and geochemical prospecting survey ································⋯⋯ 3. 6. 11
geophone point·······，·····································。··············⋯⋯ 12. 11. 3
geophysical prospecting····“···············································⋯⋯ 12. 1. 1
gravimeter ······························。·······”·····，·····················⋯⋯ 2. 10. 2
gravity anomaly······················。································⋯⋯ 12. 2. 5
gravity measurement·······································”·············⋯⋯ 12.8. 2
gravity net .................................................................... 12.8. 10
gravity prospecting ·······”·······“······································⋯⋯ 12.8. 1
gravity prospecting survey ··························“·····················”⋯ ⋯ 12.8
gravity reduction·········，···························，···················⋯⋯ 12. 8.11
gravity station ·····⋯ ⋯‘····.·“·⋯‘·⋯⋯‘·····.·······················⋯⋯‘二12. 8.，
gross error.⋯ ‘’.，.“.·⋯ ’·.⋯⋯’··.·.·.·.··.··⋯⋯’·。.·.·⋯ ⋯’·.·.···············⋯⋯ 2.4.4
ground direction of prospection line ······································。··⋯⋯ 7. 2. 11
ground curvature deformation·”·····”······················”··················⋯⋯ 13. 1. 5
ground horizontal deformation··············································⋯⋯ 13. 1. 6
ground incline deformation ··，.。··········································⋯⋯ 13.1.4
ground movement····”··“·“··“”···“··”·····”······”··，.·······”·····“··········⋯⋯ 13. I
ground moving basin ···”····，.··········································⋯⋯ 13.1. 10
gyro azimuth“·················，-···················，.··，.··········，.········⋯⋯ 9. 7. 2
gyro meridian ·””·“·········”···············，··························，·⋯ 9. 7.1
gyro orientation error················，’··································⋯ ⋯ 9.7.5
gyro theodilite ·············，.·······························，.··，.····“·····⋯⋯ 2. 10.7
gyrostatic orientation survey”·······，“·································。········⋯ ⋯ 9. 7
H
height correction                                                                                                   12. 8.12
height scale of profile map“······”···，.············‘·，·。·”“·· ·····⋯⋯’·，⋯’二
height system
hole deflection
horizontal angle
horizontal control survey of adit
horizontal profile map of geology
horizontal prospecting line”······································。·····“····⋯⋯
horizontal prospecting profile·，.········。·”········，.··“········”··“····⋯⋯’·一 ’二‘二
horizontal scale of profile map
Huanghai Height Datum 1956
hydrographic engineering survey
hydrogeologicalinvest电ation·······“··································⋯⋯ ’··⋯⋯’·⋯
7.3.2
2. 2. 7
:.:.:
  8.6.1
7.4. 10
  4.2.2
  7.1.1
  7. 3. 1
  2 2，5
  2.6.6
  3.2. 1
    立i1
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GB/T 17228一1998
hydrogeological
hydrogeological
m ap
mapptog..⋯ ⋯ ‘，.
3. 2. 13
  3 2 3
I
image processing of remote sensing
inclination
inclined adit
inclined shaft
2. 7. 16
12.9.4
  8.3.4
  9.2.2
inclined workings ············⋯⋯‘二‘·····“·’”⋯‘二’二’·’二’二’二’·⋯ ‘二’.’二’二’二‘·‘二8.3. 11
indentified photograph··········· ·，.·⋯’⋯⋯ ’·⋯’·⋯’‘·’·⋯’.⋯‘.‘二‘.’二’·⋯’二’二‘.‘二2.7. 8
independent coordinate system························⋯⋯，··。，.···”··“···”···”二 2. 2.12
indirect adjustment “······························”···········”·····，·····”⋯⋯ 2. 4.12
induction height survey ·，··”··，.··“··“··················⋯ ⋯ ‘二‘·⋯‘二‘⋯ ‘二’···，-·⋯ 9. 8
induced polarization method ““··”···”··················，.··，.···，.“···“··”·⋯，·一 12. 10. 5
industry reserves·························“············””·····················⋯⋯ 3. 7. 6
Inertial Surveying System,ISS ·····“·······”·······”···”···················⋯⋯ 2. 10.25
inital survey of bore hole position····“··”··””··········，.···················，-⋯⋯ 6. 5.1
initial survey of engineering for unmask ground·”···········，.······”···········⋯⋯ 6. 3.1
insturment of surveying and mapping···”······················“”·，.···，.“··“·⋯，.⋯ 2.10
intersection of prospection net  "̂""....."""0.....""0........"""̂"""0'""̂"̂"̂"""̂...... 4. 1. l
intersection survey ·················“··”··“····”··”··”·······”···············⋯ ⋯ 2.3.5
intervel between lines·.·⋯⋯. ”。.。”二”..··.··.···········。.··.·······。···.···········⋯⋯ 4.1.2
intervel between points ”····················，.··，.·············⋯ ⋯. ””··”······⋯⋯ 4.2. 5
inverse position survey····，-···“··“··············“··”“···········”······”······⋯⋯ 11. 3. 7
isoline map of ground settlement ................................................. 13.2.9
isoline map of magnetic anomaly ·“············”······”··················⋯ ⋯ 12. 9.12
isoline profile of apparent resistirity ···········，-·····················，.·······⋯⋯ 12. 10. 14
                                                          J
jump numbering method ·····················································⋯⋯ 12. 5.3
                                                                        L
Land Information System;LIS ”··”··“·····，·································⋯⋯ 2. 9. 1
landsat·”二。”·⋯ ⋯. ，.·.·····.。···.··⋯ ⋯。·⋯ 。二“二，.⋯ ⋯ ，.·⋯ 。:.。..⋯ ⋯. ””二”..······⋯ ⋯ 2. 7. 15
laser colimator····，.·····“，.··········”··“····················，-···········⋯⋯ ，·2. 10.16
laser level·····.···.···...·...·..··.。·····················，-二，.······.··。..····，.··⋯⋯ 2. 10. 10
laser plumment apparatus······················，.。·，.···········“···········一 2. 10. 15
laser guide instrument····················，.·，.······”·········.··”·····”·⋯ 2.10”
laser theodolite ，.·.·.·.⋯ ⋯“.·...·.⋯⋯. ””。·····························，.:，.·，·2. 10.6
laser plumbing·······························”·····················，·‘·”····，，·一 9. 5. 4
lasteral through error ···⋯⋯”·“············”··，·········，········‘，····⋯⋯ 10.2. 2
latitude correction .....·....··.········.·。···，··，··。·，⋯ “·，·.··· t.··‘·。 二 12.8.15
layer mark ·····”⋯ ⋯”············，.········“·，，·”·。””二，.”···············”⋯ 13. 2. 8
    1凡2
GB/T 17228一1998
layout and survey of prospecting net
layout of engineering for unmask ground
layout of point for adit position····‘⋯⋯
level
leveling
leveling origin
local coordinate
            3.6.3
              6 3
          8.7.1
          2.10.9
          2.3.7
            2.2.2
system “.⋯       2.2.11
l26﹄
location by air photograph
location by topographic map
location survey of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
location survey of point for adit position
longitudinal through error
8‘:.:
10.2.1
longitudinal conductamce plane
longitudinal conductance profile
12. 10.
longitudinal profile
longitudinal profilemap of geology
2. 6. 12
  7. 4. 9
long wire method··“······“····，···········一                                                               9.8.1
M
magnetic anomaly ··”···········································“··········⋯⋯ 12. 2. 6
magnetic prospecting·，.·····················································⋯⋯ 12.9. 1
magnetic prospecting survey，.·········”·”··”····“···························⋯⋯ 12. 9
main-section of moving basin····································，.······⋯⋯ 13.1. 11
map compilation······“····“···“·“···”“·····“··”············，.···“·······⋯⋯ 2.8. 10
map ovaluation  ................................................................ 2.8. 12
map fairdrawing”···“··““·····””·····”···················”···········，.··”·⋯⋯ 2.8.11
map of distribution of mineral deposits ··········································⋯⋯ 3. 4. 2
map of mineral deposits·················“··“·········“·····“·，·············⋯⋯ 3.4.1
map ··，················”·····”··，·············“··········，.···“········⋯ ⋯ 2. 8. 1
map production······················，································.·····⋯⋯ 2. 8.7
mapping control survey  ........................................................... 2. 5. 4
map projection·，.···“··“，.··““。················“··········”······”··········”·⋯ ⋯ 2.8.8
mean square error ’二’二‘”’二’·⋯’”’二’二’·’二’·⋯’·’二’·’二’二’，.’二‘二’二’二‘二’··⋯’·⋯’·⋯’·‘二 2. 4. 7
measuring line of geophgsical and geochemical prospecting ·············，··········⋯⋯ 12. 3. 2
median pile of adit  .......................................................... 8.5.6
method of equal-weight substitution ·”·“···”··········”···················⋯⋯ 2.4.14
method of inversion points······”···”·”。································..·..·.⋯⋯ 9. 7. 4
microware distance measurement····.·············.。································。···.····.’···一 2. 3.11
microware remote sensing technology·····················“···············”···⋯⋯ 2. 7. 18
mineral anomaly······“······”··，.··“·····””···························‘·⋯⋯ 12-2.3
mineral dyke····“·“···”···················································，·⋯ 5. 3.
mine adit ·.·...·········。·.···，······，.·，.·····..⋯ ⋯ ，·”，，.“·····...·，· ⋯ ”··，·‘········、··。··⋯ 8.2.1
mineral occurrence
5一_艺
标准分享网 www.bzfxw.com 免费下载
GB/T 17228一1998
mineral prospecting，················，············································⋯⋯ 3. 5
mineral reserves ···················· ·································。·····⋯⋯ 3. 7. 1
mineral sprout········，.········，········”·····································⋯⋯ 5. 2. 1
minevalized point·。·····································，····················⋯⋯ 5.2.3
mineral zone················。············。························ · ·····⋯⋯ 5. 3. 2
mineralized zone ······················。······ ·······················，·····⋯ ⋯ 5. 2. 4
mtnmgmap .⋯’·.·⋯⋯‘·.··.···。.··.················⋯⋯”·⋯⋯‘”.·⋯⋯“·······················.··⋯⋯ 99
mtnmgsurvey ·⋯ ⋯ ，.，.·.··.·..·.·.·.·.··⋯⋯‘·················⋯⋯ ， ·..···⋯⋯ 2. 6. 5
mining theodolite ··················，.····································⋯⋯ 2. 10. 8
mining yard plan····························。····。“·······。··················一 9. 9. 2
"mise-a-la-masse "method ·················································，····一 12.10. 6
moving angle························，·································⋯ ⋯ 13. 1.12
                                                                  N
National Height Datum 1985·”···”···································⋯⋯‘二’·⋯⋯ 2. 2.6
NAVSTAR Global Positioning System;NAVSTAR GPS········，.···············⋯⋯ 2. 10. 24
normal gravity correction ··············，.··················，···········，··⋯ 12. 8. 15
nonmineral anomaly ·························· ·····························⋯⋯ 12.2.4
nonregular observation-net················································⋯⋯ 12. 3. 8
number of geophysical and geochemical prospecting net，.··“························。⋯⋯ 12.5
0
observation-net method·“”.·⋯ ⋯ 。···· ···················.·..·..·..·.·······，⋯ 12.4. 1
observation-net layout of geophysical and geochemical prospection ···················⋯⋯ 12. 4
observation-net of geophysical and geochemical prospection ··。······················⋯⋯ 12.3
observation of ground displacement  ......................··················⋯⋯ 13. 2. 2
observation of ground movement······”···“····················”··········⋯⋯ 3. 6. 12
observation of ground setlement ·。·······················。·········”·······⋯⋯ 13. 2. 6
observation of rock layer movement ···················””··”···“···············⋯⋯ 13. 2. 3
observation of slope stability ····················，.····，·······””············⋯⋯ 71.5
observation station of ground movement ·································⋯⋯ 13. 2. 1
observing system layout ·····················”··”·····“··················一 12. 11-13
observation work of ground movement···············“········“············“··⋯ 13. 2
one-direction breakthrough ····“····················”··““···”·····‘···‘···”·‘: 10. 1.2
one shaft orientation ”··””··““··““··，.································.·..·..·.⋯⋯ 9.4. 6
opencast mining ‘.’二’.⋯ ’-..··⋯ ⋯ ”‘二’”⋯ “: “’..·.·⋯ ⋯ “·，··，·‘⋯，·‘·‘.··.·...·.···.·······⋯ ⋯ 11. 1
opencast mining map⋯⋯‘·⋯‘·。.⋯⋯. ’····⋯ ⋯ ，.⋯. ““‘“，.。‘··..。·.·······⋯⋯”..··⋯⋯ 11. 8
opencast survey ..⋯“·”.，..⋯“·“·········，-······.· ·，··..，.....········.·········⋯⋯ 3. 6. 10
open mining limit ········”···，.···“，’··”··“··········，-··········”···“···“··⋯ ⋯ 11. 2. 4
open-pit ····，.···，.················‘·”‘·····································⋯⋯ 11-2.1
open-pit bench ··················‘····，，，····································⋯⋯ 11.2.3
open-pit以ope···”·。···”··””“‘·“·“·“·，·····················”····，········⋯⋯ H.2. 2
open-pit survev ，·····⋯⋯”................，一，................................................................ 11. 2
  飞st
GB/T 17228一1998
0pen-upprospecttng’..⋯ ⋯ ”.⋯ ， 3
optical remote sensing technology 2. 75.} 319
optical theodolite
ore body··································。·······························⋯⋯
2 10，4
  5.3.1
5.2
4. 10
.
乐
只
5
东
叭
9，
ore guide of prospecting
orientation error ............................................................二“....................................
orientation plance·····················”······································⋯⋯
orientation projection ················，·，-·····································⋯⋯
overburden
overburden ratio·..·...·。⋯⋯. ，.············，-.········....·····.··...··················，.·······。···。一‘·⋯
outcrop o.
P
pantograph 2. 10.30
parameter adjustment 2.4.
pattern recognition of remote sensing 2。7.
perpendicular prospecting profile
pendulous-bob shaft plumbing
7 ]。2
photo interpretation
photogrammetry and
  9. 5. 3
2. 7. 17
remote sensing     2.7
photogrammetric instrument
photogeological map
2. 10. 18
  3. 2. 15
photogrammetry ··············”··”········⋯⋯ ‘.·⋯“·⋯⋯ ’”⋯’二’.····⋯⋯‘·⋯ 2. 7. 1
photomap ··············“·······”·········.··.·········.··.·········‘·····⋯⋯ 2.8.5
photo interpretation ................................................................ 2. 7. 7
photo rectification ···············································⋯ ⋯ “··..⋯ ⋯ 2.7.6
physical orientation···············“···········⋯⋯’.·.’.·⋯⋯‘···············⋯⋯ 9. 4. 5
plan ······················“··”······················..·····················⋯⋯ 2.8.4
planimeter··。····“·······················..·····，···················⋯⋯”.·⋯⋯ 2. 10. 29
plane survey of blasting area ···························“····“····.···········⋯⋯ 11. 3. 4
plane-table survey  ........................................................... 2. 5. 6
plate correction·························”···············⋯⋯*.··.·············一 12. 8. 13
point for adit position ...................................................’二‘·.·⋯⋯ 8.5.2
point of geological observation··“···，.⋯⋯‘二‘·‘，.·，.’”’“”二’二“，·’.’二’.‘二’.’二’二’二”·’二5. 1
point of hydrogeological observation二‘··”········⋯⋯’二’.’二‘·⋯’二‘二‘.’二’.‘二‘二‘⋯ ’二‘二5. 1. 1
point of geomorphological observation····.···········.···.···············.·····⋯⋯ 5.1.2
positioning point of prospecting engineering ····⋯⋯. ”⋯“·.········.···⋯⋯“··.····.一 6. l
position讯g system ··················”·····.··········.··.··················⋯⋯ 2. 10. 23
position survey of bore hole ····，.················，.“··“·············⋯ ⋯“⋯⋯ ‘·。·⋯ 6.3
position survey。曰ire hole ····················.················。··，·······⋯⋯”·11.3. 1
position survey of prospecting engineering ·。·.·····························，······⋯⋯ 3. 6. 5
precise orientation ·.....................................................····。·一 9. 4. 9
precision estimation··························。·······························⋯⋯ 2.4.1
13
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GB/T 17228一1998
precision ··········，··················································⋯ ⋯ 2.4.9
prediction of ground movement ····································..······.·⋯⋯ 13. 2. 4
preliminary prospecting···································，·‘····、···、·一 3. 5. 1
preparatory adit ·········································。············ ·······⋯⋯ 8.2.3
profile array·······················。··························‘···········，··⋯ 12. 10.，
profile control point···“·，·。················································，·⋯ 7. 2. 3
profile control survey··························，.··········，.，.··‘·”‘”········⋯⋯ 7. 2. 8
profile engineering point·························。···························⋯⋯ 7.2.6
profile line of topography  ...................................···，···‘··，····⋯⋯ 7.3.3
profile lining···································。·························⋯⋯ 7. 2. 7
profile map of prospecting line·。········，-············。·“··，.·····”·················⋯⋯ 7. 3
profile of magnetic anomalily···，.·········································，⋯⋯ 12.9. 10
profile of magnetic anomalies on plane···，.··，·‘·····，·，··················⋯⋯ 12. 9. 11
profile of prospecting line···········································⋯⋯7.1.2
profile orientation point········”······.’···，·····，···········。···············⋯⋯ 7. 2. 2
profile point·······································。·····················⋯ ⋯ 7. 2. 5
profile projection plan“······，.··”··”··”···”·····、···························⋯⋯ 7. 3. -4
profile point survey···········.................................................... 7. 2. 9
profile prospecting line ······“······················”····················⋯⋯ 7.1.2
profile station line ···········”··················”···························⋯⋯ 7. 2. 4
profile survey ···················，.····························，.···-····⋯⋯ 2.6.10
profile survey of fire hole··················“·········。····“···。········⋯ ⋯ 11. 3. 2
profile survey of prospecting line·，·”·················”··”···”···················⋯⋯ 7. 2
profile survey of geophysical and geochemical prospecting····························⋯⋯ 12. 7
profile terminal·····················‘·····················”·················⋯⋯ 7.2. 1
prospecting   ................................·⋯ ‘................................................................  3.3
projection by suspended plumbing········”···”····““·····“··········”··”···““·⋯ 9. 5. 1
projection distance of prospecting engineering”···”·”·”···”··········”···········一 7. 3. 6
prospecting baseline···，········，·······················，.”··“············“·⋯⋯ 4. 2. 1
prospecting baseline survey ·······································，·‘···‘···‘·⋯⋯ 4.4.1
prospecting engineering point ....................................................... 6. 1. 1
prospecting line ·”··················””····”··”········”···” ···*.··”······⋯⋯ 4. 2
prospecting line survey ··，···，··················，········”··“·······“····⋯⋯ 4.4
prospecting means ······，················· ·····，·‘····、”············，.···⋯⋯ 3. 3. 1
prospecting net layout ............................................................. 4. 3. 3
  prospecting net survey ·····“···· ····“，···“···、····”···“··················⋯ ⋯ 4.3
  prospecting net···”······························，···，””··”·······“······”··。··“⋯ 4. 1
  prospecting pit··················。····、····················。··············一 6. 2. 5
  prospecting profile  ................................................................. 7.1
                                                                    R
  raise ·.‘，··.··。··········。···.。··········。·············。··。···············。··。·····。·················。··⋯ 8.3. 12
  raise shaft······⋯ ⋯ 。.。“⋯。.⋯。·.·⋯. ⋯，...·.··.·········⋯ ⋯”·········⋯⋯ ”⋯ ”..···。····。⋯ 9. 2. 4
      isG
GB/T 17228一1998
random error⋯⋯
receired distance 2.1一:
reciprocal breakthrough ···················································⋯⋯ 10. 1.4
regional geological map ·“···················································⋯⋯ 3. 8. 1
regional geological reconnaissnce ···············································⋯⋯ 3. 2
regular observation-net···············································..·.·..·.⋯⋯ 12. 3. 7
relative error····，.········，-·····························。·····················⋯⋯ 2. 4. 6
relative gravity mesure ment ··············································⋯⋯ 12.8.4
relief ·············，·”················································.·····⋯⋯ 2. 5. 9
Remote Sensing;RS ··························· ························⋯ ⋯ 2. 7. 14
remote sensing geology ·····················································⋯⋯ 3. 2. 5
reobservation of bore hole position ··············································⋯⋯ 6. 5. 2
resistivity method····························································⋯⋯ 12. 10. 2
resistivity profiling method“·····“··“············，.·····························⋯⋯ 12. 10. 3
resistivity sounding method ································。·············。···⋯⋯ 12. 10. 4
rock workings ···”·····”··”···············································⋯ ⋯ 8.3.9
roof················。····。.·。··..······················⋯⋯。··⋯⋯。”..⋯⋯，...···················.···⋯⋯ 8.4.2
roof station 二。“.·...·.·.·········.··········。···················⋯⋯ 。..·.···。⋯⋯ 8.5.4
rough orientation·············”··”，”···”···················，.···············”⋯ 9.4.8
route survey ·⋯“·.······。·····.·······················⋯⋯ ，⋯ ”“..·.····················⋯⋯ 2. 6. 3
S
same-direction breakthrogh                                                                                             10. 1.3
此
环
Satelite Laster Ranging;SLR
satelite geodesy
scan digitizer⋯
:.:.
search for mineral deposits
seismic-channel·.⋯ 。·.⋯。·
seismic-channel distance
seismic-prospecting
seismic prospecun只survey
self-potential method
setting-out of adit slope line
setting-out
setttng-out
of adit median
    2.10.27
          3.4
    12.11. 7
    12. 11. 5
    12.11. 1
        12. 11
    12. 10. 7
        8. 8.3
        8.R.2
of adit waist line
setting-out of direction by laser guide instrument
setting-out ofjunction·········································‘····..·..·.·..·..·.⋯⋯
shaft breakthrough
shaft bottom plan⋯⋯“··········”······”······‘····························..·..·⋯⋯
shaft connection survey
shaft orientation survey
shaft prospecting
shaft prospecting engineering·····”··“···“····························.........⋯⋯
  8. 8. 3
  8.8. 5
  8. 8. 6
10. l. 7
  9. 9. 3
    9 3
    9.4
    9.1
    9.2
标准分享网 www.bzfxw.com 免费下载
GB/T 17228一1998
shaft prospecting engineering survey ·············，······，··························⋯⋯ 3. 6. 8
shalow shaft·············。········。·· ·····”·，·······，.、···················⋯⋯ 6. 2. 2
shot-geophone distance ·············，·······································⋯⋯ 12. 11. 6
shot point·················。············，.······。···························⋯⋯ 12. 11. 2
shot point distance ···········································，···············⋯⋯ 12. 1土.8
side falls ····························· ····。·，.······。···.········。··.··。·.··..··.·····，·······⋯⋯ 13. 1. 2
sighting line method ·······················································⋯⋯ ，6. 1
slope line of adit····。·”，.·，.······· ..................................··········一 8.1. 5
small circular shaft ·······.·····························，··········.··。··.····.·······.·····.·。。.·.·····一 6. 2. 3
sounding array ·，··‘·，···”··················································⋯⋯ 12. lo. to
space correction ·······································。·················。··⋯⋯ 12. 8. 12
space geodesy·····，·······················································⋯⋯ 2. 2. 15
space photogrammetry······································。······.·⋯⋯‘二‘二‘二‘二2. 7. 3
spread ·········、········，···。··················。···。·······················⋯⋯ 12. 11. 9
spoting by eye-survey method ·························，··。·····················⋯⋯ 5. 5. 1
spoting by instrument method········································‘···..·.... 5. 5. 3
spoting'场semi-instrument method ......................................... 5. 5. 2
square area method······，·，················································⋯⋯ 12.8. 18
starting point of prospectoing line ......................................... 4. 2-1
station of geophysical and geochemical prospecting ............"̂...."̂............... 12. 3.5
steel tape method······”··“················“··”········。············‘····，·····⋯⋯ 9. 8. 2
stoping adit ·····························································⋯⋯ 8. 2. 4
str币ping ··································”···················，··“······⋯ ⋯ 6. 2. 4
subsidence and deformation observation of waste dump ·····，.··· ····“···········⋯ ⋯ 11.4.2
surface-underground contrast plan ······················“·““··········⋯⋯9.，.1
Surveying and Mapping;SM ·························，’············⋯⋯。.·⋯ 2. 1
survey adjustment. of observation·········““·“·，.··“············。···················⋯⋯ 2.4
survey and mapping for prospecting to geology and mineral resoures····················⋯⋯ 3. 1
survey of point for adit position ···“····，······························⋯⋯8. 7
surreyed profile ··········································。·················⋯⋯ 7.4.3
synthetic. plan of overburden engineering ···················。···············⋯⋯ 11. 8. 3
  systematic error ···⋯⋯ ，‘二，·“.，:.“··.·.··.·⋯⋯ ，·“··⋯，·⋯⋯，.。····················一 2.4.3
T
thematic map ····‘··。·“。·”。···············································⋯⋯ 2. 8. 3
theodohto·。···。·····························································⋯⋯ 2. 10_ 3
thickness isoline map of ore body (seam)...........”··························⋯⋯ 3. 8. 3
through error·······，.···················································⋯⋯ 10.2
through face ·····························，·····························⋯⋯ 10.1.1
through survey·············，.····“·······················，。··············⋯⋯ 3. 6. 9
through traverse “····························································⋯⋯ 5.{1
tolerance ⋯⋯”..⋯。··························，·········。··。。·········。··························、···一 2. 4. 5
top枯ilure ·····。························，······················ ··········⋯⋯ 13.1.1
i从
GB/T 17228一1998
top failure zone ······，·················································⋯⋯ 13.].7
topography ···························································⋯⋯ 2. 5. 7
topographic correction······”·················································⋯⋯ 12.8. 14
topographic base map ·”··················································⋯⋯ 3. 2. 17
topographic survey of mining area··············································⋯⋯ 3. 6. 2
topographical map················································。········⋯⋯ 2. 5. 11
topographical map of mining area···········································⋯ ⋯ 9. 9. 1
total base station of gravity···················································，·⋯ 12. 8. 5
total station electronic tacheometer ··。。·······。。·······。·········。······························⋯⋯ 2. 10. 14
tracing traverse·····。·“·····················“··“···························⋯⋯ 5. 4. 2
tracking digitizer························································⋯⋯ 2. 10. 26
transverse adit············。··，.···············································⋯⋯ 8.3.2
transverse cutting profile ········································，···········⋯⋯ 7.4.7
transit method ··································.·····。·········。········.········.·············。.······⋯⋯ 9. 7. 3
traverse of geological observation··”·············································⋯⋯ 5. 4
traverse survey ⋯ ⋯ ’“’⋯. ’“..⋯ ⋯ ’‘二’.⋯. ’.’·⋯ ’二’··⋯ ’..·⋯ ⋯ ’··············。······。·········⋯ ⋯ 2. 3. 4
trench···············，-·······。···。····。··································.······。.······..····...······。·⋯ 6. 2.上
triangulation··，.··”············”···········································⋯⋯ 2. 3. 1
triangulateration ······························································⋯⋯ 2. 3. 3
tr咭onometric leveling···”····”········································。····⋯⋯ 2. 3. 8
trilateration ··················································································。······⋯⋯ 2.3. 2
tunnel····。········。·。··..⋯⋯. ，.···.⋯⋯ 。·⋯ ⋯“··········.·····.·····.·····。·····。·⋯ 8. 3. 5
two shaft orientation ·····...·······..···········································。··················.·⋯ ⋯ 9. 4. 7
typical profile ·········································，.················，·····⋯⋯ 7. 4. 6
typical profile of geophysical and geochemical prospecting··························⋯⋯ 12. 7. 1
U
underground cavity survey
underground height survey
                                                              8 9，1
                                                              9.8.3
V
vertical control survey of adit ········。·············，.······················⋯⋯ 8.6.2
vertical prospecting line····”·”···”··········“······························⋯⋯ 4. 2. 3
vertical scale of profile map ····”···········“··········.......................⋯ 7.3.2
vertical shaft··································································⋯⋯ 9. 2. 1
vertical survey·······“····“·········································，，··，·⋯ 2.3.6
vertical through error ······“··············································⋯⋯ 10. 2. 3
Very Long Baseline Interferomentry;VLBI····”··，’“····························⋯⋯ 2. 2. 17
W
waist line of aidt
waist line point of
waste dump plan
                                                            8 4.5
aidt                                                                   只.5
                                                            11 8、2
JI了
标准分享网 www.bzfxw.com 免费下载
Gs/'r 17228一1998
waste dump survey
w inze 8 I3
n
主
workings
work scale of geophysical and geochemical prospecting
  8_3，6
12. l. 3
X
Xi'an Coordinate System 1980 2 2.4
7.
zenithal angle
zenith distance
of bore hole 6，4.l
2 ;. 3